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Nikolaos Chalikiopoulos Mantzaros (Greek: Νικόλαος Χαλικιόπουλος Μάντζαρος, Greek pronunciation: [niˈkolaos xaliˈcopulos ˈmandzaros]; Italian: Niccoló Calichiopulo Manzaro, 26 October 1795 – 12 April 1872) was a Greek-Italian composer born in Corfu, major representative and founder of the so-called Ionian School of music (Επτανησιακή Σχολή).[1][2]

Nikolaos Halikiopoulos Mantzaros
Nikolaos Halikiopoulos Mantzaros

Biography


Mantzaros was of noble Greco-Italian descent, coming from one of the most important and wealthy Venetian families of the "Libro d'Oro" di Corfu and therefore he never considered himself a "professional composer",[2] teaching the youth of Corfu without profit. His father was Iakovos Chalikiopoulos Mantzaros and his mother Regina Turini, from Dalmatia.

Recent research and performances have led to a re-evaluation of Mantzaros as a significant composer and music theorist.[3]


Debut in Corfu


He was taught music in his native city by the brothers Stefano (pianoforte) and Gerolamo Pojago (violin), Stefano Moretti from Ancona (music theory) and cavalliere Barbati, possibly a Neapolitan (music theory and composition).[2] Mantzaros presented his first compositions (three concert or substitute arias and the one-act azione comica Don Crepuscolo) in 1815 in the theatre of San Giacomo of Corfu.


Relationship to Italy


From 1819 onwards he was regularly visiting Italy (Venice, Bologna, Milan, Naples), where, among others, he met the veteran Neapolitan composer Niccolo Antonio Zingarelli.[2]


Work


His compositions include incidental music, vocal works in Italian and demotic Greek, sacred music for the Catholic Rite (three masses [possibly 1819, 1825, and possibly 1835], a Te Deum [1830]) and the Orthodox Church (notably, a complete mass based on the septinsular polyphonic traditional chanting [1834]), band music, instrumental music (24 piano sinfonie, some of them also for orchestra) etc. Mantzaros also composed the music for the first concert aria in Greek in 1827, the Aria Greca.

Mantzaros was an important music theorist, contrapuntist and teacher.[2][3] From 1841 and until his death he was the Artistic Director of the Philharmonic Society of Corfu.

The initial pages of an 1820 piano 'Sinfonia' by Nikolaos Halikiopoulos Mantzaros (composer's autograph). It is exhibited in the Music Museum of the Philharmonic Society of Corfu.
The initial pages of an 1820 piano 'Sinfonia' by Nikolaos Halikiopoulos Mantzaros (composer's autograph). It is exhibited in the Music Museum of the Philharmonic Society of Corfu.

Greek national anthem


His most popular composition remains the musical setting for the poem of Dionysios Solomos' Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían (Hymn to Liberty), which Mantzaros added to Solomos' poem in 1828.[1][2][4][self-published source] The first and second stanzas were adopted initially in 1864 as the Royal Anthem of Greece and on 28 June 1865 as the Greek national anthem. However, recent research and performances have proved that Mantzaros had broader activities as a significant composer and music theorist, which go beyond the established perception of him as the mere composer of the National Anthem.[3]


Recordings



See also



References


  1. Frucht, Richard C. (2004). Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and culture. Vol. 2, Volume 2. Balkan Peninsula: ABC-CLIO. p. 870. ISBN 978-1576078006.
  2. Zervanos, Lydía (2015). Singing in Greek: A Guide to Greek Lyric Diction and Vocal Repertoire. London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 69–80. ISBN 978-1442229778.
  3. Kardamis, Kostas (2011). "From Popular to Esoteric: Nikolaos Mantzaros and the Development of his Career as a Composer". Nineteenth-Century Music Review. 8 (1): 101–126. doi:10.1017/S1479409811000085. S2CID 191468210.
  4. Thomopoulos, Nick (2011). 100 Years: From Greece to Chicago and Back. United States: Xlibris, Corp. ISBN 978-1456801434.



На других языках

[de] Nikolaos Mantzaros

Nikolaos Chalikiopoulos Mantzaros (griechisch Νικόλαος Χαλικιόπουλος Μάντζαρος, üblicherweise nur Nikolaos Mantzaros, italienisch Niccolò Mantzaro, * 26. Oktoberjul. / 6. November 1795greg. auf Korfu; † 31. Märzjul. / 12. April 1872greg. ebenda) war ein griechischer Komponist und Musikpädagoge. Als führender Komponist und Lehrer der frühen Ionischen Schule beeinflusste er die griechische Musik des 19. Jahrhunderts nachhaltig.
- [en] Nikolaos Mantzaros

[es] Nicolaos Mantzaros

Nicolaos Mantzaros o Nikólaos Mántzaros —en griego, Νικόλαος Μάντζαρος— (Corfú, 26 de octubre de 1795-Ib., 12 de abril de 1872), fue un músico griego.

[ru] Мандзарос, Николаос

Никόлаос Халкиόпулос Мандзарос (греч. Νικόλαος Χαλκιόπουλος Μάντζαρος, 26 октября 1795, Керкира, Венецианская республика — 12 апреля 1872 Керкира, Греческое королевство) — видный греческий композитор XIX века, основатель Семиостровной школы музыки и один из основоположников современной музыки Греции.


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