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Gyōson (行尊, 1055/1057—21 March 1135), also known as the Abbot of Byōdō-in (平等院大僧正, Byōdō-in Dai Sōjō), was a Japanese Tendai monk and waka poet of the late-Heian period. He became chief prelate of the Enryaku-ji temple in Kyoto, and one of his poems was included in the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. Almost fifty of his poems were included in imperial anthologies, and he produced a private collection of poetry.

Biography

Gyōson was born in 1055[1][2][3] or 1057,[4][5] the son of Minamoto no Motohira (源基平).[1][2][3][4][5]

At age twelve,[2][3] he entered Mii-dera, eventually becoming its Abbot (園城寺長吏, Onjō-ji Chōri),[3][5] and practiced the Shugendō austerities of the yamabushi for many years[1] and made pilgrimages to various provinces.[4] At age 25, he received the abhisheka (阿闍梨灌頂, ajari-kanjō) from Raigō (頼豪).[3]

Later, in 1123, he rose to become Superior General of Enryaku-ji — the highest prelate of Tendai Buddhism.[1][4] He also served as Grand Almoner to emperors Shirakawa and Toba.[1][3]

He was known as the Abbot of Byōdō-in.[5]

He died on 21 March[3] 1135.[1][2][4][5]

Poetry

Forty-eight[1] of his poems were included in imperial anthologies from the Kin'yō Wakashū on.[5]

The following poem by him was included as No. 66 in Fujiwara no Teika's Ogura Hyakunin Isshu:

Japanese text[2]	Romanized Japanese[6]	English translation[7]
もろともに あはれと思へ 山桜 花よりほかに 知る人もなし	Morotomo ni aware to omoe yama-zakura hana yori hoka ni shiru hito mo nashi	Mountain cherry, let us console each other. Of all those I know no one understands me the way your blossoms do.

His poetry records his experiences on pilgrimage, and was in later ages celebrated as a spiritual precursor to the works of Saigyō.[3]

He also left a private collection, the Gyōson Daisōjō-shū (行尊大僧正集).[1][5]

Other arts

In addition to his poetry, he was also known as a skilled biwa performer and calligrapher.[3]

In later literature

As a high-ranking monk of noble birth, he appeared in many later setsuwa tales of the reigen-dan (霊験譚) genre.[3]

References

Bibliography

• McMillan, Peter. 2010 (1st ed. 2008). One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Suzuki Hideo, Yamaguchi Shin'ichi, Yoda Yasushi. 2009 (1st ed. 1997). Genshoku: Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. Tokyo: Bun'eidō.

Further reading

• Kondō, Jun'ichi (December 1973), "Gyōson Daisōjō (Jō): Shōgai to Sakuhin" (PDF), Hokkaidō Daigaku Jinbun Kagaku Ronshū, Sapporo: Hokkaido University: 69–133, retrieved 20 August 2015

External links

• List of Gyōson's poems in the International Research Center for Japanese Studies's online waka database.
• Gyōson on Kotobank.

На других языках

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- [en] Gyōson

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[es] Gyōson

Gyōson (行尊, Gyōson? 1055 - 21 de marzo de 1135) fue un poeta japonés y monje budista del Tendaishū que vivió en la segunda mitad de la era Heian. Fue conocido con el título de Daisōjō (大僧正, 'Daisōjō'?) del Byōdō-in.

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[fr] Gyōson

Gyōson (行尊?) (1055 - 21 mars 1135) est un poète et moine japonais bouddhiste de la secte tiantai de la seconde moitié de l'époque de Heian. Il est connu sous le titre de daisōjō (大僧正?) du Byōdō-in.

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