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Janko Drašković (Hungarian: Draskovich János; 20 October 1770 – 14 January 1856) was a Croatian national reformer, politician and poet. He was a member of the Drašković family, one of the oldest Croatian noble families.

Count Janko Drašković
Count Janko Drašković
Born	(1770-10-20)20 October 1770 Zagreb, Croatia, Kingdom of Hungary
Died	14 January 1856(1856-01-14) (aged 85) Radgona, Austrian Empire
Resting place	Mirogoj cemetery, Zagreb
Occupation	Politician, poet
Known for	Political program Disertacija Illyrian Movement

Biography

Janko Drašković was born in 1770 in Zagreb.[1] He lived all his life in the Trakošćan family castle, and he held the noble title of grof, or count.[1]

Known to be very broadly educated, he was even considered the best-educated person in Croatia at the turn of the 19th century. A lover of literature, he wrote poetry himself, but this is not what makes him a part of Croatian history. As a young man, he embarked upon a military career, but was forced to retire due to health issues.

Janko Drašković's Croatia was part of Hungary, under Habsburg rule. Because the kingdom was so large, Hungary attempted processes of unification, starting with culture and language, known as Magyarization. This process became more intense on Croatia in the 1820s–1830s: for example, the Hungarian Diet of 1825–27 insisted on Hungarian as the official language for Croatia, and in 1827 the Sabor act made Magyar a compulsory subject in Croatian secondary schools. As a reaction, Ljudevit Gaj led the creation of a Croatian national movement, called the Illyrian movement, in 1831, that fought for a Croatian political and cultural renewal.

Janko Drašković, even though he was already at the age of 62, promptly joined the movement and published his Disertacija iliti razgovor darovan gospodi poklisarom in 1832, which was considered the political, economic, social and cultural program of the Croatian Illyrian movement. The name of the work is usually contracted, as the full name was Disertacija iliti razgovor, darovan gospodi poklisarom zakonskim i budućim zakonotvorcem kraljevinah naših za buduću dietu ungarsku odaslanem, držan po jednom starom domorodcu kraljevinah ovih (Dissertation, or Treatise, given to the honourable lawful deputies and future legislators of our Kingdoms, delegated to the future Hungarian Diet; by an old patriot of these Kingdoms).[2] It was written as a plea to the members of the Croatian Parliament who were to be elected representatives in the Hungarian Diet in Pressburg. In Hungary, Janko Drašković is often compared to Count István Széchenyi due to his intellectual and political activity.

In his pamphlet, Janko Drašković envisioned a “Greater Illyria” that would include all the South Slav provinces of the Habsburg Empire, that is, Croatia, Slavonia, Dalmatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Slovenia, Rijeka, and the Military Frontier.[3] He urged this “Greater Illyria” to be administratively independent from Hungary, with a “bannus” responsible directly to the king. If the Habsburg monarchy were to refuse these terms, Janko Drašković recommended that the united Croatian lands should secede.

He wrote the Disertacija in the Shtokavian dialect, the language the Illyrian movement adopted instead of the Kajkavian dialect of Zagreb because the majority of Croats spoke it. Drašković also advocated for the adoption of the Shtokavian dialect as the official language. The Disertacija was the first political pamphlet published in the Shtokavian dialect, and because of this was the model when the Croatian language was standardized later on.

Janko Drašković dedicated all his energy to his political activity and to the battle against Magyarization. In 1838, largely due to his contribution, a reading room was founded in Zagreb called the Ilirska čitaonica, which became the focal meeting point of the Illyrians.[1]

In 1842, he became the first chairperson of the Matica hrvatska, the Croatian cultural and publishing society. He was also a member of the original Croatian People's Party (up to the Revolutions of 1848).

He died in Radgona in 1856, while en route to a spa in Germany. Since 1893, his remains rest at the Illyrian Arcade part of Zagreb's Mirogoj Cemetery.

References

External links

• The Draskovic Family

Cultural offices
Preceded by Office created	President of Matica hrvatska 1842–1850	Succeeded by Ambroz Vranyczany

На других языках

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- [en] Janko Drašković

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[ru] Драшкович, Янко

Я́нко Дра́шкович (хорв. Janko Drašković, 20 октября 1770 (1770-10-20) — 14 января 1856) — хорватский политик и поэт, деятель Хорватского национального возрождения. Представитель одного из самых знатных родов страны — Драшковичей.

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