music.wikisort.org - Poet

Search / Calendar

Ki no Tsurayuki (紀 貫之, 872 – June 30, 945) was a Japanese author, poet and courtier of the Heian period. He is best known as the principal compiler of the Kokin Wakashū, also writing its Japanese Preface, and as a possible author of the Tosa Diary, although this was published anonymously.

Tsurayuki by Kikuchi Yōsai
Tsurayuki by Kikuchi Yōsai
Ki no Tsurayuki by Kanō Tan'yū, 1648
Ki no Tsurayuki by Kanō Tan'yū, 1648
In this Japanese name, the surname is Ki.

Tsurayuki was a son of Ki no Mochiyuki. In the 890s he became a poet of waka, short poems composed in Japanese. In 905, under the order of Emperor Daigo, he was one of four poets selected to compile the Kokin Wakashū (Kokinshu), the first imperially-sponsored anthology (chokusen-shū) of waka poetry.

After holding a few offices in Kyoto, he was appointed the provincial governor of Tosa Province and stayed there from 930 until 935. Later he was presumably appointed the provincial governor of Suō Province, since it was recorded that he held a waka party (Utaai) at his home in Suo.

He is well known for his waka and is counted as one of the Thirty-six Poetry Immortals selected by Fujiwara no Kintō. He was also known as one of the editors of the Kokin Wakashū. Tsurayuki wrote one of two prefaces to Kokin Wakashū; the other is in Chinese. His preface was the first critical essay on waka. He wrote of its history from its mythological origin to his contemporary waka, which he grouped into genres, referred to some major poets and gave a bit of harsh criticism to his predecessors like Ariwara no Narihira.

One of his waka was included in the Hyakunin Isshu, which was compiled in the 13th century by Fujiwara no Teika.

Tsurayuki has composed well over 500 poems throughout his life, including those included in the Kokinshu, imperial collections, and personal collections.


Early life


Ki no Tsurayuki, who had the childhood name (幼名 youmei) of Akokuso (阿古久曽 あこくそ). His mother was dancing girl of the naikyoubou (内教坊), whose name is unknown. He was born in either 866 or 872.


Works



Kokin Wakashu


In 905, under the order of Emperor Daigo, Ki no Tsurayuki was one of four poets selected to compile the Kokin Wakashū (Kokinshū), the first imperially-sponsored anthology (chokusenshū) of waka. Tsurayuki was the chief editor of the Kokinshu, and was the author of its Japanese preface (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokin_Wakash%C5%AB).

Tosa Nikki faithfully copied by Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241) (Museum of the Imperial Collections)
Tosa Nikki faithfully copied by Fujiwara no Teika (1162–1241) (Museum of the Imperial Collections)

Tosa Nikki


In addition to the Kokinshu, Tsurayuki's supposed major literary work (though it was published anonymously) was the Tosa Nikki (土佐日記, "Tosa Diary"), which was written using kana. The Tosa Diary is written from the perspective of a woman who embarks on a 55 day trip in 934 to the capital (present day Kyoto), where Tsurayuki had been the provincial governor, from her home in the Tosa Province. The female perspective of the diary, though written by a man (Tsurayuki), has sparked debate among scholars regarding gender and social status within the realm of linguistics of the time period. Ki no Tsurayuki left the Tosa Province at the age of 66 in 934 after completing his term as Provincial Governor and wrote the Tosa Nikki after returning to the capital. There are quite a few references within the diary that allude to events that took place in Ki no Tsurayuki’s life, including the death of his daughter. It also includes many poems, presumably written by Tsurayuki.


Tale of Genji


In the Tale of Genji, Tsurayuki is referred to as a waka master, and it is stated that the Emperor Uda ordered him and a number of female poets to write waka on panels as accessories for his palace.


Death


His death is recorded in the Sanjurokunin kasenden (三十六人歌仙伝) as potentially being May 18, 945, but it is also reported as being on June 30 of the same year.


Family


The names of Ki no Tsurayuki’s mother and wife are unknown. He had at least two children, a son by the name of Ki no Tokibumi, and a daughter called Samurai Kiuchi.


Official history (官歴)


In Sanjurokunin kasenden (三十六人歌仙伝), which documents the life of the Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry, Ki no Tsurayuki’s life is documented as follows.


References





На других языках

- [en] Ki no Tsurayuki

[es] Ki no Tsurayuki

Ki no Tsurayuki (紀貫之, Ki no Tsurayuki? 872 – 945) fue un autor, poeta y cortesano japonés de la era Heian.

[fr] Ki no Tsurayuki

Ki no Tsurayuki (紀貫之?, ca.872 - ca. 945) est un aristocrate et un homme de lettres de l'époque de Heian. Compilateur du Kokin Wakashū (Anthologie de waka anciens et modernes), il est un des trente-six grands poètes.

[ru] Ки-но Цураюки

Ки́-но Цураю́ки (яп. 紀貫之 ок. 866—945 или 946) — японский поэт, прозаик, филолог эпохи Хэйан. Писал в жанре танка. Один из 36 бессмертных поэтов.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии