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Clara Smith (March 13, 1894 – February 2, 1935)[1] was an American classic female blues singer, billed as the "Queen of the Moaners",[1] although she had a lighter and sweeter voice than many of her contemporaries. Clara Smith was not related to the singers Bessie Smith and Mamie Smith.

Clara Smith
BornMarch 13, 1894
Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States
Died(1935-02-02)February 2, 1935 (aged 40)
Detroit, Michigan, United States
GenresClassic female blues
Occupation(s)Singer
Instrument(s)Vocals
Years active1910–1935
LabelsColumbia

Early life


Clara Smith was born to parents Selena and William Smith in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.[2] She is not believed to have any siblings. She was never enrolled in school but was recorded on the census as able to read and write.[2] Blues historians thinks that Smith most likely was introduced in her youth to "traveling tent shows",[3] that frequently stopped in Spartanburg and sparked her interest in performance.


Career


In 1910, Smith began working on African-American theater circuits, in tent shows, and vaudeville. By 1918,[4] she was appearing as a headliner with the Theater Owners Bookers Association circuit across Southern states. By 1923, she had performed at major theatres of the time such as the Lyric in New Orleans, the Dream Theatre in Columbus, Georgia, the Bijou Theatre in Nashville, and the Booker T. Washington Theatre in St. Louis.[2]

In 1923, she settled in New York City, appearing at cabarets and speakeasies there. She was then signed to a recording contract, and the same year she made the first of her commercially successful series of gramophone recordings with Columbia Records,[5] working with many other musicians such as Fletcher Henderson, Louis Armstrong,[6] and Don Redman.[7] She recorded two duets with Bessie Smith: "My Man Blues" and "Far Away Blues" (Columbia 14098-D), on September 1, 1925. She recorded Tom Delaney's "Troublesome Blues" in 1927.[8] Initially a singer of depressing ballads, she later began recording more uptempo numbers. Her May 1926 recording of "Whip It to a Jelly", was noted as "one of the more overt sexual blues". Smith cut 122 sides, all with Columbia Records,[9] with her record sales being topped only by Bessie Smith. Clara Smith was known all across the country, even performing on the West Coast, which was rare for a blues singer.[10]

During her time performing, Smith met young Josephine Baker and chose to mentor her.[2] Smith is also accredited for giving Baker her start in the recording business, having hired Baker when aged 13 as her dresser.[11] Smith and Baker are thought to have had a romantic relationship for a time,[12] notably being referred to as "lady lovers"[2] by a colleague.

In 1933, she was on the road in Detroit, Michigan, and worked at theaters in revues there, until she succumbed to heart disease in February 1935, a month short of her 41st birthday.[3]


Discography


and more[13]


See also



References


  1. Yanow, Scott. "Clara Smith: Artist Biography". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2014-09-04.
  2. Caitlin, Rimmer (2019). "Clara Smith". Queer and Moaning: Queen of the Moaners. doi:10.17615/V53Z-Y093.
  3. Linda Conley. "Clara Smith: 'Queen of the Moaners'". GoUpstate. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  4. Kernfield, Barry (1988). New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, Vol. 3. Macmillan. p. 608.
  5. Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 12. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  6. Abrams, Steven; Settlemier, Tyrone. The Online Discographical Project: Columbia A3500–A4001 (1921–1923) Numerical Listing. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  7. Southern, Eileen (1982). Biographical Dictionary of Afro-American and African Musicians. Greenwood Press.
  8. Chadbourne, Eugene. "Tom Delaney: Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 2014-08-04.
  9. "Smith, Clara - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  10. Rye, Howard (2003). "Smith, Clara". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J415300. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  11. "Clara & Josephine". Oxfordamerican.org. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  12. "The Queer Moan of Clara Smith: On Queer Aphasia in Blues Studies". The Activist History Review. 2019-05-28. Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  13. Smith, Clara. "Clara Smith". Discogs. Retrieved 25 March 2022.




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