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Dmitri Shostakovich typically catalogued his compositions and occasionally his arrangements of other composers' music with opus numbers. He began this practice with the early Scherzo in F-sharp minor and continued until the end of his life. Nevertheless, most of his juvenilia, unfinished works from his artistic maturity (such as the operas Orango and The Gamblers), and numerous completed works were left unnumbered. There were also instances when Shostakovich took an opus number assigned to one work, then gave it to another, or was undecided about the numbering of a finished composition. Further complicating the matter was an error he committed in compiling his own music in the 1930s. This led to his soundtracks for The Youth of Maxim and Girl Friends sharing the same opus number.[1]

Dmitri Shostakovich in 1950
Dmitri Shostakovich in 1950

By genre



Symphonies



Concertos



Suites



Miscellaneous symphonic works



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Other chamber/instrumental works



Piano



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Film scores



Incidental music



Choral



Vocal



Orchestrations of music by other composers



Transcriptions of music by other composers



In chronological order


Op. number Title Instrumentation Year Notes
Hymn to Freedom Piano 1915-1916 Same as The Soldier[5]
Longing for the Homeland (The Soldier) Piano 1915-1917 Same as Hymn to Freedom[5]
Funeral March in Memory of the Victims of the Revolution Piano 1917
1 Scherzo in F♯ minor Orchestra 1919 (or 1920⁠–⁠1921)[6] Transcribed for solo piano as Op. 1a (possibly based upon piano original)
The Gypsies, opera after Pushkin Orchestra 1919-1920 Partially destroyed.[5]
In the Forest, trilogy Piano 1919-1920[5]
Two Marzurkas Piano 1919-1920[5]
Polka Piano 1919-1920[5]
Minuet, Prelude, and Intermezzo Piano 1917 or 1919–1920 Incomplete. Manuscript was preserved by Alexandra Rozanova, who in 1917–spring 1919 had taught piano privately to Shostakovich.[7]
2 Eight Preludes Piano 1919–1920 Formerly known as "Five Preludes," under which name it was published in 1966 in commemoration of Shostakovich's 60th birthday. All eight were published for the first time in 2018. Part of an unrealized collaborative project with friends from the Petrograd Conservatory, the extant manuscript of which is held by Irina Shostakovich.
Murzilka Piano 1920 (or 1944–1952)[8]
Piano Sonata in B minor Piano 1920⁠–⁠1921 Partially lost. Slow movement reworked into Piano Trio No. 1 in C minor. Scherzo in F♯ minor orchestration of third movement.[6]
3 Theme and Variations in B♭ major Orchestra 1921-1922 Transcribed for solo piano as Op. 3a
4 Two Fables of Krilov Mezzo-soprano (or unison female chorus ad libitum in "The Ass and the Nightingale")[9] and chamber orchestra 1922 Transcribed for mezzo-soprano and piano as Op. 4a
5 Three Fantastic Dances Piano 1922 Shostakovich orchestrated the first dance for a class exercise (unpublished).[10]
6 Suite in F♯ minor Two pianos 1922
7 Scherzo in E♭ major Orchestra 1923-1924 Transcribed for solo piano as Op. 7a
8 Piano Trio No. 1 in C minor Piano, violin, and cello 1923 Originally titled Poem. Before its posthumous publication, Boris Tishchenko completed a stretch of 22 measures which had gone missing subsequent to this work's performances in 1925.
9 Three Pieces Cello and piano 1923-1924 Lost
10 Symphony No. 1 in F minor Orchestra 1924-1925
11 Two Pieces String octet[3] 1924-1925
12 Piano Sonata No. 1 Piano 1926
13 Aphorisms, ten pieces Piano 1927
14 Symphony No. 2 in B major To October Orchestra and chorus 1927
15 The Nose, opera in three acts after Gogol Orchestra 1927-1928
16 Tahiti Trot Orchestra 1928
17 Two Pieces by Scarlatti Wind orchestra 1928
18 Music to the silent film The New Babylon Small orchestra 1928-1929
19 Music to the comedy The Bedbug by Mayakovsky Orchestra 1928-1929 Orchestral versions of three numbers possibly lost. These have been reorchestrated from piano scores by Mark Fitz-Gerald.[11]
20 Symphony No. 3 in E♭ major The First of May Orchestra with chorus 1929
21 Six Romances on Texts by Japanese Poets Tenor and orchestra 1928-1932
22 The Golden Age, ballet in three acts Orchestra 1929-1930
23 Two Pieces for Erwin Dressel's Opera Poor Columbus' (Armer Columbus) Orchestra 1929
24 Music to the play The Gunshot by Bezymensky Orchestra 1929
25 Music to the play Virgin Soil by Gorbenko and L'vov Orchestra 1930 Lost
26 Music to the film Alone (Odna) Orchestra 1930-1931 In addition to Shostakovich's suite, Op. 26a, Gennady Rozhdestvensky assembled his own three-part suite.
27 The Bolt, ballet in three acts Orchestra 1930-1931 Alexander Gauk arranged a suite from the ballet, Op. 27a, sometimes also titled "Ballet Suite No. 5."[12] Shortly thereafter, Shostakovich compiled his own suite, which dropped two movements, as well as movement titles which referred to the original ballet libretto.[13]
28 Music to the play Rule, Britannia! by Piotrovsky Orchestra 1931
Two Pieces String quartet 1931 The first movement is an arrangement of Katerina's aria from Act I, Scene 3 of Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. The second movement is an arrangement of the Polka from The Golden Age.
Overture to The Green Company Orchestra 1931 Possibly not composed by Shostakovich.[citation needed]
Prologue to Orango, an unfinished opera Orchestra 1932 Unfinished. Some material recycled from The Bolt and The Big Lightning.[5]
29 Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, opera in four acts after Leskov Orchestra 1930–1932 Shostakovich assembled a suite of three orchestral interludes as Op. 29a.
Shostakovich arranged the Passacaglia interlude for solo organ.
Reduction of the Symphony of Psalms by Igor Stravinsky Mixed choir and piano four-hands 1930–1935 Shostakovich presented the score to Stravinsky during the latter's trip to the Soviet Union in 1962.
From Karl Marx to our Own Days, a symphonic poem Solo voices, chorus and orchestra 1932 Incomplete
The Big Lightning, unfinished comic opera Orchestra, chorus, and vocal soloists 1932
30 Music to the film Golden Mountains Orchestra 1931 Shostakovich assembled a suite from the music for orchestra as Op. 30a. This suite contains an added number ("Fugue: Largo-Allegro") for organ concertante that had been excised from the final cut of the film, as well as the coda from the Third Symphony which was also not included in the original film score.[8]
31 Music to the stage revue Hypothetically Murdered by Voyevodin and Riss Orchestra 1931 Orchestral score and libretto lost. Reconstruction from extant piano sketches by Gerard McBurney as Op. 31a.
Four extracts transcribed by the composer for piano as Op. 31b.
32 Music to the play Hamlet by Shakespeare Orchestra 1931–1932
33 [sic] Impromptu (Экспромт)[4] Viola and piano 1931 The score was discovered in 2017 among documents belonging to Vadim Borisovsky in the Moscow State Archives. The manuscript dated 2 May 1931 bears the title Impromptu Op. 33.[4]
33 Music to the film Counterplan Orchestra 1932 "Song about the Oncoming Train", "My Heart's Aching and Moaning" were arranged for voice and piano as Op. 33a
"We meet this Morning (The Song of the Young Workers)" was arranged for voice and piano as Op. 33b
34 24 Preludes Piano 1932-1933
Impromptu: Madrigal Voice and piano 1933 Composed and first performed during a birthday party for Lyubov Berg, secretary of MALEGOT. Title page states: "Words by Mikhail Pravdin, music by Dmitri Shostakovich, idea by Samuil Zinkovsky." First public performance by Larisa Shevchenko accompanied by Sofia Khentova in Kiev in 1983. It was first published in 2015. The original manuscript is lost, but a photocopy is preserved in the Shostakovich Archives in Moscow.
35 Piano Concerto No. 1 Piano, solo trumpet, and strings 1933
36 Music to the animated film The Tale of the Priest and of his Workman Balda Chamber orchestra, chorus, and vocal soloists 1933–1934 Unfinished and partially lost. Shostakovich compiled a suite from the music as Op. 36a. Sofia Khentova and Vadim Bibergan have each assembled their own differing completions of the score.
37 Music to the play The Human Comedy after Balzac Small orchestra 1933–1934 "Gavotte" later arranged for solo piano in Dances of the Dolls.
38 Music to the film Love and Hate Orchestra 1934 Original score lost. Only piano sketches for eight cues and a published version of one of the film's songs are extant. Score reconstructed from the original soundtrack by Mark Fitz-Gerald.[14]
38a Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1 Chamber ensemble 1934
Symphonic Movement Orchestra 1934 Incomplete draft of earlier version of Fourth Symphony.[5]
39 The Limpid Stream, ballet in three acts Orchestra 1934–1935 Suite for orchestra from the music as Op. 39a. Music later recycled by Levon Atovmyan for the Ballet Suites Nos. 1 – 4 and The Lady and the Hooligan.
40 Sonata for Cello and Piano Cello and piano 1934
Moderato Cello and piano 1934? Discovered in the archives of the Glinka Museum in 1986. Dating uncertain, but believed to be from mid-1930s; it may have been an unused sketch for the Cello Sonata.[15]
41 Music to the film The Youth of Maxim Orchestra 1934–1935
41a Music to the film Girl Friends Small orchestra 1934–1935 Partially lost. Score reconstructed from the original soundtrack recording by Mark Fitz-Gerald. Excerpts from Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 1 were added with permission from the composer upon the film's restoration in the 1960s.[16]
42 Five Fragments Small orchestra 1935
43 Symphony No. 4 in C minor Orchestra 1935–1936 Original score lost. Only transcription for two pianos as Op. 43a survived. Original instrumental parts for aborted 1936 Leningrad premiere discovered in 1961, whereupon the score was reconstructed.
44 Music to the play Hail, Spain by Alexander Afinogenov Orchestra and chorus 1935–1936
45 Music to the film The Return of Maxim Orchestra 1936–1937
46 Four Romances on Verses by Pushkin Bass and piano 1936–1937 Orchestration (omitting the last song) for bass and orchestra as Op. 46a.
47 Symphony No. 5 in D minor Orchestra 1937
48 Music to the film Volochayev Days Orchestra 1936–1937
The Twelve Chairs, operetta Orchestra 1937–1938 Incomplete
49 String Quartet No. 1 in C major String quartet 1938 Portions reused in restored version of the film Girlfriends.
50 Music to the film The Vyborg Side Orchestra 1938
51 Music to the film Friends Orchestra 1938 Vocalise from the music arranged for unaccompanied chorus as Op. 51a.
52 Music to the film The Great Citizen, first part Orchestra 1938
53 Music to the film The Man with a Gun Orchestra 1938
Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2 Jazz Orchestra 1938 Formerly confused with the Suite for Variety Orchestra.
54 Symphony No. 6 in B minor Orchestra 1939
55 Music to the film The Great Citizen, second part Orchestra 1939
56 Music to the animated film The Stupid Little Mouse Orchestra 1939
Suite on Finnish Themes Soloists, chorus, chamber orchestra, piano 1939
57 Piano Quintet in G minor Piano quintet 1940
58 Orchestration of the opera Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky Orchestra 1939–1940
Three Pieces Solo violin 1940 Possibly lost. Originally designated Op. 59.[8]
59 Music to the film The Adventures of Korzinkina Orchestra 1940
Katyusha Maslova, opera after Tolstoy's novel Resurrection Orchestra 1940 Unfinished
58a Music for Grigori Kozintsev's production of King Lear by William Shakespeare Orchestra 1940
60 Symphony No. 7 in C major Leningrad Orchestra 1941
The Gamblers, unfinished opera after Nikolai Gogol Orchestra 1941–1942 Portions extensively quoted in second movement of Viola Sonata. Originally designated Op. 61.
61 Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor Piano 1943
"The Oath to the People's Commissar" Bass, chorus and piano 1941
"Songs of a Guard's Division" ("The Fearless Regiments Are On the Move"), marching song Bass and mixed chorus with simple accompaniment for bayan or piano 1941
Polka in F♯ minor Harp duet 1941
62 Six Romances on Verses by British Poets Bass and piano 1942 Arranged by Shostakovich for large orchestra and bass as Op. 62a; chamber orchestra and bass as Op. 140.
63 Music to the revue Native Country, suite Native Leningrad Orchestra 1942
Reduction of the second movement from the Symphony No. 10 by Gustav Mahler Piano four-hands 1942–1949 Incomplete. Possibly composed after Jack Diether approached Shostakovich with proposal to complete Mahler's Symphony No. 10.
"Solemn March" Military band 1942
Patriotic Song after Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky Voices 1943
"Song about the Red Army" after Mikhail Golodny Voices 1943
Russian Folk Songs Chorus 1943
Three Russian Folk Songs Two soloists, chorus, piano accompaniment 1943
64 Music to the film Zoya Orchestra 1944
65 Symphony No. 8 in C minor Orchestra 1943
66 Music to the spectacle Russian River Soloists, choir, and orchestra 1944
67 Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor Piano, violin, cello 1944
68 String Quartet No. 2 in A Major String quartet 1944
69 Children's Notebook, six pieces Piano 1944-1945
Symphonic Fragment (first version of Symphony No. 9) Orchestra January 1945 Incomplete.
Violin Sonata Violin and piano 1945 Left incomplete after first movement's double exposition.
70 Symphony No. 9 in E♭ major Orchestra 1945
71 Music to the film Simple People Orchestra? 1945
72 Two Songs to the spectacle Victorious Spring after Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov Voices and orchestra 1945 Arranged for piano as Op. 72a
73 String Quartet No. 3 in F major String quartet 1946
74 Poem of the Motherland, cantata Mezzosoprano, tenor, two baritones, chorus and orchestra 1947
Reduction of Arthur Honegger's Symphonie Liturgique Two pianos 1947 Shostakovich produced his reduction after listening to Honegger’s symphony at the 1947 Prague Spring Festival.
75 Music to the film The Young Guard Orchestra 1947-1948
76 Music to the film Pirogov Orchestra 1947
Three Pieces Orchestra 1947-1948 Unpublished
77 Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor Violin and orchestra 1947-1948 Initially published as Op. 99, its original numbering was restored by the composer.
78 Music to the film Michurin Orchestra 1948
79 From Jewish Folk Poetry, song cycle Soprano, contralto, tenor, and piano 1948 Orchestration as Op.79a.
80 Music to the film Encounter at the Elbe Voices and piano 1948
Anti-Formalist Rayok (Peep Show) Four voices, chorus, and piano 1948
81 Song of the Forests, oratorio after Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky Tenor, bass, mixed and boys' chorus, and orchestra 1949
82 Music to the film The Fall of Berlin Orchestra 1949
83 String Quartet No. 4 in D major String quartet 1949
Merry March Two pianos 1949
84 Two Romances on Verses by Mikhail Lermontov Male voice and piano 1950
85 Music to the film Belinsky Orchestra and chorus 1950
86 Four Songs to Words by Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky Voice and piano 1951
87 Twenty-Four Preludes and Fugues Piano 1950-1951
88 Ten Poems on Texts by Revolutionary Poets Chorus and boys' chorus a capella 1951
89 Music to the film The Unforgettable Year 1919 Orchestra (1951)
The Homeland Hears Chorus and tenor soloist with wordless chorus 1951
Ten Russian Folk Song Arrangements Soloists, mixed chorus and piano 1951
90 The Sun Shines on Our Motherland, cantata after Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky Mixed and boys' chorus with orchestra 1952
91 Four Monologues on Verses by Aleksandr Pushkin Bass and piano 1952
92 String Quartet No. 5 in B♭ major String quartet 1952
Dances of the Dolls Piano 1952
Greek Songs Voice and piano 1952-1953
93 Symphony No. 10 in E minor Orchestra 1953
94 Concertino in A minor Two pianos 1953
95 Music to the film Song of the Great Rivers Orchestra 1954
96 Festive Overture in A major Orchestra 1954
"Poem of Labour" from Unity Mixed chorus and orchestra 1954
Two Songs from Unity ("A Song of Unity" and "Peaceful Labour") Voice and piano 1954
Waltz from Unity Orchestra 1954
Music for Grigori Kozintsev's production of Hamlet by William Shakespeare Orchestra 1954 Gigue and Finale added to the music from the 1932 production for Akimov.
Pendozalis, Greek song Voice and piano 1954
October Dawn Soloists and chorus 1954
Tarantella Two pianos 1954
97 Music to the film The Gadfly, based on the novel by Voynich Orchestra 1955 Fashioned with the composer's approval into The Gadfly Suite, Op. 97a by Levon Atovmyan.
98 Five Romances on Verses by Yevgeny Dolmatovsky Bass and piano 1954
99 Music to the film The First Echelon Orchestra 1955-1956
100 Spanish Songs (Mezzo)soprano and piano 1956
101 String Quartet No. 6 in G major String quartet 1956
Suite for Variety Orchestra Variety orchestra post-1956
102 Piano Concerto No. 2 in F major Orchestra 1957
103 Symphony No. 11 in G minor The Year 1905 Orchestra 1957
104 Cultivation: Two Russian Folk Song Arrangements Chorus a capella 1957
Eleven Variations on a Theme by Mikhail Glinka Piano 1957 Based on a theme from A Life for the Tsar. Collaborative project with Eugen Kapp, Vissarion Shebalin, Andrei Eshpai, Rodion Shchedrin, Georgi Sviridov, Yuri Levitin, and Dmitry Kabalevsky to commemorate the centennial of Glinka's death. Shostakovich contributed variations VIII, IX, and XI.[17][8]
105 Moscow, Cheryomushki, operetta in three acts Orchestra 1958
106 Re-orchestration of Modest Mussorgsky's opera Khovanshchina Orchestra 1959
107 Cello Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major Cello and orchestra 1959
108 String Quartet No. 7 in F♯ minor String quartet 1960
109 Satires (Pictures of the Past), Five Romances on Verses by Chorny Soprano and piano 1960
110 String Quartet No. 8 in C minor String quartet 1960
111 Music to the film Five Days, Five Nights Orchestra 1960
Novorossiysk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory Orchestra 1960 Based on Shostakovich's entry for the 1943 contest to determine the new national anthem of the Soviet Union.
Quartet Movement String quartet 1961 Draft first movement of early version of String Quartet No. 9. Complete score possibly destroyed by the composer.
112 Symphony No. 12 in D minor The Year 1917 Orchestra 1961
113 Symphony No. 13 in B♭ minor Babi-Yar Bass, bass chorus, and orchestra 1962
114 Katerina Izamailova, opera in four acts after Nikolai Leskov Orchestra 1956-1963 Revision of Op. 32
115 Overture on Russian and Kirghiz Folk Themes Orchestra 1963
116 Music to the film Hamlet Orchestra 1963-1964
117 String Quartet No. 9 in E♭ major String quartet 1964
118 String Quartet No. 10 in A♭ major String quartet 1964
119 The Execution of Stepan Razin, cantata after Yevgeny Yevtushenko Bass, mixed chorus, and orchestra 1964
120 Music to the film A Year Is Like a Lifetime Orchestra 1965
121 Five Romances on Texts from the Magazine Krokodil Bass and piano 1965
122 String Quartet No. 11 in F minor String quartet 1966
123 Preface to the Complete Collection of My Works and Brief Reflections on this Preface Bass and piano 1966
124 Two Choruses after Alexander Davidenko Chorus and orchestra 1962
125 Re-orchestration of Robert Schumann's Cello Concerto in A minor Cello and orchestra 1963
126 Cello Concerto No. 2 in G minor Cello and orchestra 1966
127 Seven Songs on Poems by Alexander Blok Soprano, violin, cello, and piano 1967
128 Romance "Spring, Spring" to Verses by Pushkin Bass and piano 1967
129 Violin Concerto No. 2 in C♯ minor Violin and orchestra 1967
130 Funeral-Triumphal Prelude Orchestra 1967
131 October, symphonic poem in C minor Orchestra 1967
132 Music to the film Sofiya Perovskaya Orchestra 1967
133 String Quartet No. 12 in D♭ major String quartet 1968
134 Sonata for Violin and Piano Violin and piano 1968
135 Symphony No. 14 Soprano, bass, string orchestra, and percussion 1969
136 Loyalty, eight ballads after Yevgeny Dolmatovsky Male chorus 1970
137 Music to the film King Lear Orchestra 1970
138 String Quartet No. 13 in B♭ minor String quartet 1970
139 "March of the Soviet Militia" Military band/Wind orchestra 1970
140 Six Romances on Verses by British Poets Bass and chamber orchestra 1971 Re-orchestration of Op. 62 for Rudolf Barshai's Moscow Chamber Orchestra.
Yelabuga Nail Voice and piano 1971[18] Unpublished setting of poem by Yevgeny Yevtushenko.
Intervision Orchestra 1971 Commissioned by the Intervision Network for use in its news broadcasts.
141 Symphony No. 15 in A major Orchestra 1971
142 String Quartet No. 14 in F♯ major String quartet 1972-1973
143 Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva Contralto and piano 1973 Orchestration as Op.143a.
144 String Quartet No. 15 in E♭ minor String quartet 1974
145 Suite on Verses of Michelangelo Buonarroti Bass and piano 1974 Orchestration as Op.145a.
146 Four Verses of Captain Lebyadkin to texts by Dostoevsky Bass and piano 1975
147 Sonata for Viola and Piano Viola and piano 1975 Last completed composition by Shostakovich.
Symphony No. 16 Orchestra 1975 Possibly a speculation. In Soviet Weekly, April 1976, they reported that Shostakovich's last work had been performed. However, during rehearsals of Op. 145, Shostakovich considered the work his sixteenth symphony.[5]

See also



References



Footnotes


  1. Digonskaja, Ol'ga (2010). Fairclough, Pauline (ed.). Shostakovich Studies 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-0521111188.
  2. Kennedy, Michael; Percy Scholes (1980). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (3rd ed.). London: Oxford University Press. p. 593. ISBN 0-19-311315-5.
  3. Heyer, 2012. p.22
  4. "A new work for viola by Shostakovich discovered in Moscow State Archives". The Strad. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  5. List of works by Shostakovich, sikorski.de
  6. Digonskaja, Ol'ga (2010). Fairclough, Pauline (ed.). Shostakovich Studies 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 53–73. ISBN 978-0521111188.
  7. Moshevich, Sofia (2004). "Chapter 1: Roots, 1906–1923". Dmitri Shostakovich, Pianist. Montreal: Mc Gill-Queen's University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0773525815.
  8. https://www.sikorski.de/media/files/1/12/190/249/336/8953/schostakowitsch_werkverzeichnis.pdf?src=files/1/12/190/249/336/8953/schostakowitsch_werkverzeichnis.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  9. McBurney, Gerard. "Two Fables by Krylov op. 4 (1922)". Boosey & Hawkes. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  10. Digonskaja, Ol'ga (2010). Fairclough, Pauline (ed.). Shostakovich Studies 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0521111188.
  11. McBurney, Gerard. "The Bedbug, Op. 19" (PDF). Chandos Records. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  12. McBurney, Gerard. "Suite from The Bolt (Ballet Suite No.5) op. 27a (1931, rev.1934)". Boosey & Hawkes. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  13. Stewart, Michael. "Shostakovich: The Dance Album". Gramophone. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  14. Fitz-Gerald, Mark. "Major reconstruction of the score for Love and Hate" (PDF). Chandos Records. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  15. Fairclough, Pauline. "Moderato". Hyperion Records. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  16. Fitz-Gerald, Mark. "A note on the reconstruction" (PDF). Chandos Records. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  17. https://www.worldcat.org/title/11-variations-on-a-theme-by-glinka-for-piano/oclc/23607750 [bare URL]
  18. Fay, Laurel (1999). Shostakovich: A Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0195182514.

Bibliography




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