music.wikisort.org - Composer

Search / Calendar

Narciso Yepes (14 November 1927  3 May 1997) was a Spanish guitarist. He is considered one of the finest virtuoso classical guitarists of the twentieth century.[1]

Yepes in 1988
Yepes in 1988

Biography


Yepes was born into a family of humble origin in Lorca, Region of Murcia. His father gave him his first guitar when he was four years old, and took the boy five miles on a donkey to and from lessons three days a week. Yepes took his first lessons from Jesús Guevara, in Lorca. Later his family moved to Valencia when the Spanish Civil War started in 1936.[citation needed]

Yepes in 1939
Yepes in 1939

When he was 13, he was accepted to study at the Conservatorio de Valencia with the pianist and composer Vicente Asencio. Here he followed courses in harmony, composition, and performance. Yepes is credited by many with developing the A-M-I technique of playing notes with the ring (Anular), middle (Medio), and index (Indice) fingers of the right hand.[2] Guitar teachers traditionally taught their students to play by alternating the index and middle fingers, or I-M. However, since Yepes studied under teachers who were not guitarists, they pushed him to expand on the traditional technique. According to Yepes, Asencio "was a pianist who loathed the guitar because a guitarist couldn't play scales very fast and very legato, as on a piano or a violin. 'If you can't play like that,' he told me, 'you must take up another instrument.'" Through practice and improvement in his technique, Yepes could match Asencio's piano scales on the guitar. "'So,' he [Asencio] said, 'it's possible on the guitar. Now play that fast in thirds, then in chromatic thirds.'"[3] Allan Kozinn observed that, "Thanks to Mr. Asencio's goading, Mr. Yepes learned "to play music the way I want, not the way the guitar wants."[4] Similarly, the composer, violinist, and pianist George Enescu would also push Yepes to improve his technique, which also allowed him to play with greater speed.[5]

On 16 December 1947 he made his Madrid début, performing Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez with Ataúlfo Argenta conducting the Spanish National Orchestra. The overwhelming success of this performance brought him renown from critics and public alike. Soon afterwards, he began to tour with Argenta, visiting Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and France. During this time he was largely responsible for the growing popularity of the Concierto de Aranjuez, and made two early recordings, both with Argenta[6] – one in mono with the Madrid Chamber Orchestra (released between 1953 and 1955),[7] and the second in stereo with the Orquesta Nacional de España (recorded in 1957 and released in 1959).[8]

In 1950, after performing in Paris, he spent a year studying interpretation under the violinist George Enescu, and the pianist Walter Gieseking. He also studied informally with Nadia Boulanger. This was followed by a long period in Italy where he profited from contact with artists of every kind.[citation needed]

On 18 May 1951, as he leant on the parapet of a bridge in Paris and watched the Seine flow by, Yepes unexpectedly heard a voice inside him ask, "What are you doing?" He had been a nonbeliever for 25 years, perfectly content that there was no God or transcendence or afterlife. But that existential question, which he understood as God's call, changed everything for him. He became a devout Catholic, which he remained for the rest of his life.[9]

In 1952 a work ("Romance"), Yepes claims to have written when he was a young boy,[10] became the theme to the film Forbidden Games (Jeux interdits) by René Clément.

Despite Yepes's claims of composing it, the piece ("Romance") has often been attributed to other authors; indeed published versions exist from before Yepes was even born, and the earliest known recording of the work dates from a cylinder from around 1900.[11][12][13] In the credits of the film Jeux Interdits, however, "Romance" is credited as "Traditional: arranged – Narciso Yepes." Yepes also performed other pieces for the Forbidden Games soundtrack. His later credits as film composer include the soundtracks to La Fille aux yeux d'or (1961) and La viuda del capitán Estrada (1991). He also starred as a musician in the 1967 film version of El amor brujo.

In Paris he met Maria Szumlakowska, a young Polish philosophy student, the daughter of Marian Szumlakowski, the Ambassador of Poland in Spain from 1935 to 1944. They married in 1958 and had two sons, Juan de la Cruz (deceased), Ignacio Yepes, an orchestral conductor and flautist, and one daughter, Ana Yepes, a dancer and choreographer.[14]

In 1964, Yepes performed the Concierto de Aranjuez with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, premièring the ten-string guitar, which he invented in collaboration with the renowned guitar maker José Ramírez III.[15]

Yepes' 10-string guitar tuning
Yepes' 10-string guitar tuning

The instrument made it possible to transcribe works originally written for baroque lute without deleterious transposition of the bass notes. However, the main reason for the invention of this instrument was the addition of string resonators tuned to C, A#, G#, F#, which resulted in the first guitar with truly chromatic string resonance – similar to that of the piano with its sustain/pedal mechanism.

After 1964, Yepes used the ten-string guitar exclusively, touring all six inhabited continents, performing in recitals as well as with the world's leading orchestras, giving an average of 130 performances each year. He recorded the Concierto de Aranjuez for the first time with the ten-string guitar in 1969 with Odón Alonso conducting the Orquesta Sinfonica R.T.V. Española.

Apart from being a consummate musician, Yepes was also a significant scholar. His research into forgotten manuscripts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries resulted in the rediscovery of numerous works for guitar or lute. He was also the first person to record the complete lute works of Bach on period instruments (14-course baroque lute). In addition, through his patient and intensive study of his instrument, Narciso Yepes developed a revolutionary technique and previously unsuspected resources and possibilities.

He was granted many official honours including the Gold Medal for Distinction in Arts, conferred by King Juan Carlos I; membership in the Academy of "Alfonso X el Sabio" and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Murcia. In 1986 he was awarded the Premio Nacional de Música of Spain, and he was elected unanimously to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.[16]

In the 1980s, Yepes formed Trio Yepes with his son Ignacio Yepes on flute and recorder and his daughter Ana dancing to her own choreography.

After 1993, Narciso Yepes limited his public appearances due to illness. He gave his last concert on 1 March 1996 in Santander (Spain).

He died in Murcia in 1997, after a long battle with lymphoma.


Press quotes


As one writer has observed, "His [Yepes'] taking advantage of the instrument's flexibility has opened Yepes to some criticism," citing Bach's Chaconne in D Minor as an example. Yepes responded that, "There are three versions of the Chaconne and I analyzed all three. The version I play is the one I think Bach would have written if he'd composed the piece for guitar or lute."[4]

Guitarist and teacher Ivor Mairants noted that after a Yepes concert at Wigmore Hall in 1961, some in the audience were split about Yepes' phrasing. Mairants, who had started as a jazz guitarist but took up the classical guitar and had two lessons with Segovia, met with Yepes afterwards and questioned him about his phrasing, which was very different from Segovia's. In his memoir, Mairants wrote, "I exclaimed 'Do you think it necessary to play that section (of Villa Lobos' Prelude No. 1) as slowly as you do?' 'Why, yes' he (Yepes) said, 'Look at the paper (music) and you will see it written that way'. When I again mentioned that Segovia did not play it that way, he had no doubt had enough of my comparisons and answered, somewhat heatedly 'I have a great admiration for Segovia and everything he has done for the guitar and its history, but I do not have to put on a record of Segovia and play the music exactly as he does. No, I don't think so!'"[17] Elsewhere, Yepes was quoted as saying, "Segovia is a very beautiful player, but it is not necessary to imitate him. Why should Rostropovich imitate Casals?"[4]


Positive



Neutral/negative


"Yepes is, of course, a thoroughly accomplished performer, but in this repertory he seems a bit too cool and, at times, even mechanical. Certainly his account of the famous Chaconne, if more rhythmically stable than Segovia's, has none of the rich panoply of colors that Segovia produced. Then, too, the three-note figurations that comprise the E Prelude are plucked out with a stiff rigidity lacking the nuance and legato phrasing that Julian Bream [...]" [40]


Recordings (partial)


Recordings at Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft


Works composed for or dedicated to Narciso Yepes (partial)



References


  1. Woodstra, Chris; Brennan, Gerald; Schrott, Allen, eds. (2005). All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music. Backbeat Books. p. 1526. ISBN 0-87930-865-6.
  2. ""Fritz Buss Interview: Narciso Yepes, as I Knew Him," 2004".
  3. Williams, Roger M. (April 1985). Connoisseur. pp. Vol. 215 p.148. 10: Narciso Yepes is Not Only a Virtuoso; He Invented a New Sound for the Guitar
  4. Kozinn, Allan (22 November 1981). "Narciso Yepes and His 10-String Guitar". New York Times, D21.
  5. ""Fast Scales With 'ami,'" Douglas Niedt's Guitar Technique Tip of the Month" (PDF).
  6. "The Spanish Legacy of Ataúlfo Argenta".
  7. The World's Encyclopaedia of Recorded Music. January 1953. pp. Supplement III.
  8. "Narciso Yepes and the Concierto de Aranjuez".
  9. Urbano, Pilar (January 1988). "Interview with Narciso Yepes (in Spanish)". Época, no. 147.
  10. "Narciso Yepes speaks on Forbidden Games Romance". Youtube.com. 26 January 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  11. Viuda de Aramburo, Madrid (Príncipe, 12), alt.
  12. another newspaper clipping
  13. Early Spanish Cylinders and the Viuda de Aramburo Company (Carlos Martín Ballester - publications)
  14. "Compagnie Ana Yepes". Anayepes.com. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  15. Ramirez III, Jose (1994), "The Ten-String Guitar" in Things About the Guitar, Bold Strummer, pp. 137–141, ISBN 8487969402
  16. "narciscoyepes.org". www.narcisoyepes.org. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  17. Mairants, Ivor (1980). My Fifty Fretting Years: A Personal History of the Twentieth Century Guitar Explosion. Ashley Mark Publishing Co. p. 286.
  18. Paul Griffiths, The Times, 6 Nov 1974 p. 11)
  19. The Christian Science Monitor. "Opera at Carnegie Hall? There's more dazzle than at many a Met evening". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  20. Musical America
  21. Le Soir, Brussels
  22. Records and Recordings
  23. Aux Écoutes, Paris
  24. New York Times
  25. Sankei Shinbun, Tokyo
  26. El Mercurio, Santiago de Chile
  27. Journal de Genève, Geneva
  28. Wriston Locklair, New York Herald Tribune, 31 Oct 1964
  29. Howard Reich, Chicago Tribune, 2 Nov 1987
  30. Colin Cooper, The Independent, 6 May 1997
  31. Musical America Dec. 1964
  32. Ethel Boros, Cleveland Plain Dealer 20 Nov 1965
  33. Lowell Sun [Lowell, Massachusetts], 2 Dec 1965
  34. Lethbridge Herald [Lethbridge, Alberta], 4 Nov 19
  35. Oshkosh Advance Titan [Oshkosh, Wisconsin], 4 Apr 1985
  36. The Penguin Guide to Compact Discs and Cassettes, New Edition, 1992, p. 1289
  37. The Strad
  38. Angel Romero, Guitar Player, Apr. 1972
  39. "Narciso Yepes, Spanish Guitarist And an Innovative Musician, 69". Allan Kozinn, New York Times, 4 May 1997
  40. Fanfare, 1984; Joel Flegler
  41. The Music Journal, 1969; University of Michigan
  42. American Record Guide; 1984
  43. American Record Guide; Steven Rings; 1 September 2001
  44. American Record Guide; Steven Rings; 1 September 2003
  45. Compton Mackenzie, Christopher StoneThe Gramophone. 1954
  46. Guitar Review, Issue 115/Winter 1999 Archived 16 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine)
  47. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
  48. American Record Guide, 1986
  49. "Music Noted in Brief; Narciso Yepes Plays A Guitar Recital at Met",; Bernard Holland, 'New York Times, 10 November 1986
  50. Current Biography Yearbook, 1966
  51. The Times, 18 November 1961
  52. The Times London, 22 May 1965



Articles



Recordings



На других языках


[de] Narciso Yepes

Narciso García Yepes[1] (* 14. November 1927 in Lorca; † 3. Mai 1997 in Murcia) war ein spanischer klassischer Gitarrist, Lautenist, Arrangeur und Komponist. Mit Andrés Segovia und Miguel Llobet gehört er zu den größten Gitarristen Spaniens. Er spielte auf einer zehnsaitigen Gitarre, welche er mit dem Gitarrenbauer José Ramírez III entwickelte. 1952 arrangierte er die Musik zum Oscar-prämierten Film Verbotene Spiele (Jeux interdits).
- [en] Narciso Yepes

[es] Narciso Yepes

Narciso García Yepes (Lorca, 14 de noviembre de 1927-Murcia, 3 de mayo de 1997), más conocido como Narciso Yepes, fue un músico español conocido mundialmente por su trabajo como guitarrista clásico español.

[ru] Йепес, Нарсисо

Нарсисо Йепес (иногда упоминается как Епес, исп. Narciso Yepes; 14 ноября 1927, Лорка, Мурсия — 3 мая 1997, Мурсия) — испанский классический гитарист.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии