Bone Machine is the eleventh studio album by American singer and musician Tom Waits, released by Island Records on September 8, 1992. It won a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album and features guest appearances by David Hidalgo, Les Claypool, Brain, and Keith Richards. The album marked Waits' return to studio albums, coming five years after his previous effort Franks Wild Years (1987).

Bone Machine
Studio album by Tom Waits
Released	September 8, 1992
Recorded	Prairie Sun Recording (Cotati, California)
Genre	Experimental rock[1]
Length	53:30
Label	Island
Producer	Tom Waits Kathleen Brennan (associate)
Tom Waits chronology
Night on Earth (1992) Bone Machine (1992) The Black Rider (1993)

Recorded in a room in the cellar area of Prairie Sun Recording studios, described by Waits as "just a cement floor and a hot water heater", the album is often noted for its rough, stripped-down, percussion-heavy style, as well as its dark lyrical themes revolving around death and chaos. The album cover—a blurry, black-and-white, close-up image of Waits apparently screaming while wearing a horned skullcap and protective goggles—was taken by filmmaker Jesse Dylan, son of Bob Dylan.[2]

Bone Machine was included on several "Best Albums of the 1990s" lists, being ranked at No. 49 by Pitchfork[3] and No. 53 by Rolling Stone.[4] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[5]

Recording and production

Bone Machine was recorded and produced entirely at the Prairie Sun Recording studios in Cotati, California, in a room of Studio C known as "the Waits Room", located in the old cement hatchery rooms of the cellar of the buildings. Prairie Sun's studio head Mark "Mooka" Rennick said, "[Waits] gravitated toward these 'echo' rooms and created the Bone Machine aural landscape. [...] What we like about Tom is that he is a musicologist. And he has a tremendous ear. His talent is a national treasure."[6]

Waits said of the bare-bones studio, "I found a great room to work in, it's just a cement floor and a hot water heater. Okay, we'll do it here. It's got some good echo."[7] References to the recording environment and process were made in the field-recorded interview segments made for the promotional CD release, Bone Machine: The Operator's Manual, which threaded together full studio tracks and conversation for a pre-recorded radio show format.

Bone Machine was the first Waits album on which he played drums and percussion extensively. In 1992, Waits stated: "I like to play drums when I'm angry. At home I have a metal instrument called a conundrum with a lot of things hanging off it that I've found - metal objects - and I like playing it with a hammer. I love it. Drumming is therapeutic. I wish I'd found it when I was younger."[8]

Track listing

Personnel

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[9]
Chicago Tribune	[10]
Entertainment Weekly	A+[1]
Los Angeles Times	[11]
Mojo	[12]
Q	[13]
Rolling Stone	[14]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[15]
Select	5/5[16]
Uncut	[17]

Performance

• Tom Waits – lead vocals (all tracks), Chamberlin (1, 6, 9), percussion (1, 3–6, 15), guitar (1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 16), sticks (1), piano (2, 13), upright bass (7), conundrum (9), drums (10–12, 16), acoustic guitar (14)
• Brain – drums (3, 9)
• Kathleen Brennan – sticks (1)
• Ralph Carney – alto saxophone (2, 3), tenor saxophone (2, 3), bass clarinet (2)
• Les Claypool – bass guitar (1)
• Joe Gore – guitar (4, 10, 12)
• David Hidalgo – violin (13), accordion (13)
• Joe Marquez – sticks (1), banjo (11)
• David Phillips – pedal steel guitar (8, 13), steel guitar (16)
• Keith Richards – guitar (16), backing vocals (16)
• Larry Taylor – upright bass (1, 2, 4, 5, 8–12, 14, 16), guitar (7)
• Waddy Wachtel – guitar (16)

Production

• Tom Waits – producer
• Kathleen Brennan – associate producer
• Biff Dawes – recording (1–7, 9–12, 14–16)
• Joe Marquez– recording (8, 13)
• Tchad Blake – mixing (1–15)
• Biff Dawes – mixing (1–15)
• Joe Marquez – mixing (1–15), second engineer
• Joe Blaney – mixing (16)
• Shawn Michael Morris – third engineer
• Bob Ludwig – mastering
• Frances Thumm – "musical security guard"

Charts

In popular culture

This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. (September 2021)

This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021)

• "Earth Died Screaming" is featured in the 1995 film 12 Monkeys.
• "Dirt in the Ground" is featured in the 1998 film Jerry and Tom.
• "Jesus Gonna Be Here" is featured in the 2005 film Domino, in which Waits also appears, and has been covered by gospel group The Blind Boys of Alabama.
• "Goin' Out West" is featured in the 1999 film Fight Club and has been covered by Queens of the Stone Age,[28] Gomez, Widespread Panic, Gov't Mule, Jimmy Barnes, and Ash Grunwald.
• "I Don't Wanna Grow Up" was covered by Ramones and was featured during the end credits of the first episode of Netflix's adult animated series Big Mouth, in the 2019 film Jojo Rabbit, and during the end credits of the 2019 film Shazam! It has also been covered by Petra Haden and Bill Frisell, Hayes Carll, Scarlett Johansson, Squeeze, and Emily Kinney's character Beth Greene on The Walking Dead episode "Infected". It was also featured in an episode of "Stumptown".
• "Dirt in the Ground" has been covered by Danish band Kellermensch.
• Joan Baez's 2018 album used Whistle Down the Wind as its title, and includes a cover of Waits' song "Last Leaf".

References

Sources

• Montandon, Mac (2005). Innocent When You Dream: Tom Waits the Collected Interviews. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 0-7528-7394-6.

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