music.wikisort.org - Composition

Confrontation is the thirteenth and final studio album by Bob Marley & the Wailers and the only to be released posthumously in May 1983, two years after Marley's death. The songs were compiled from unreleased material and singles recorded during Marley's lifetime. Many of the tracks were built up from demos, most notably "Jump Nyabinghi" where vocals from the I-Threes were added, which were not there when Marley released the song as a dubplate in 1979. In addition the harmony vocals on "Blackman Redemption" and "Rastaman Live Up" are performed by the I-Threes in order to give the album a consistent sound – on the original single versions they are performed by the Meditations. The most famous track on the album is "Buffalo Soldier".

Confrontation
Studio album by Bob Marley and the Wailers
Released	23 May 1983
Recorded	ca. 1977-80, April–May 1982
Studio	Tuff Gong Studios, Kingston, Jamaica
Genre	Reggae
Length	37:47
Label	Tuff Gong/Island[1]
Producer	Bob Marley & the Wailers and Errol Brown
Bob Marley and the Wailers chronology
Chances Are (1981) Confrontation (1983) Legend (1984)
Singles from Confrontation
"Buffalo Soldier" Released: 1983

Professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[2]
Robert Christgau	B+[3]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music	[1]
Rolling Stone	[4]

The album cover depicts Bob Marley taking the role as the military saint Saint George slaying the dragon which symbolizes Babylon. Perhaps not coincidentally, this motif was also displayed on the reverse of the imperial standard of Rastafari icon Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, though the direct model for the album art is a British recruitment poster from World War I. Inside the album sleeve is an artist's depiction of the Battle of Adowa where Ethiopian forces defeated Italy in 1896.

Track listing

Original album (1983)

The Definitive Remastered edition (2001)

Personnel

• Bob Marley – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
• Aston Barrett – bass, guitar, percussion
• Carlton Barrett – drums, akete
• Tyrone Downie – keyboards, background vocal
• Junior Marvin – guitar, backing vocals
• Earl Lindo – keyboards
• Alvin Patterson – percussion
• I Threes (Rita Marley, Marcia Griffiths and Judy Mowatt) – backing vocals
• Glen DaCosta – tenor saxophone
• David Madden – trumpet
• Ronald "Nambo" Robinson – trombone
• Devon Evans – percussion
• Carlton "Santa" Davis– drums (on "Chant Down Babylon")

Technical

• Neville Garrick – art direction and graphics
• Errol Brown – recording and mixing engineer
• Michaell Reid – assistant engineer
• Errol Brown, Chris Blackwell and Aston Barrett – mixers
• Bob Marley & The Wailers and Errol Brown – producers
• Azdean Marley – executive producer
• Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, NYC - mastering

Charts

Chart performance for Confrontation

Chart (1983)	Peak position
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[5]	18
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[6]	26
French Albums (SNEP)[7]	199
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[8]	31
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[9]	6
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[10]	12
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[11]	16
US Billboard 200	55
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)	31

Certifications

Certifications for Confrontation

Region	Certification	Certified units/sales
New Zealand (RMNZ)[12]	Gold	7,500^
United States (RIAA)[13]	Gold	500,000^
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

References

На других языках

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[de] Confrontation (Album)

Confrontation ist ein Reggae-Album von Bob Marley & the Wailers, veröffentlicht im Mai 1983. Die meisten Lieder dieses Albums wurden zu Lebzeiten Marleys nie veröffentlicht. Seine Frau, Rita Marley, produzierte das Album, damit es veröffentlicht werden konnte. Das Lied Buffalo Soldier wurde zu einem seiner größten Hits.

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- [en] Confrontation (Bob Marley and the Wailers album)

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[es] Confrontation

Confrontation es el decimotercer álbum de estudio de Bob Marley & The Wailers, lanzado póstumamente en 1983 a 2 años de la muerte de Bob Marley quien falleció de cáncer a la edad de 36 años. Incluye material inédito del artista grabado durante sus últimos años de vida, el álbum fue grabado durante las grabaciones de los últimos grabados por el cantante en vida entre los álbumes Exodus y Uprising.

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[ru] Confrontation

Confrontation — посмертный студийный альбом ямайской рэгги-группы Bob Marley & The Wailers, вышедший в 1983 году, спустя два года после смерти Боба Марли. В альбом вошёл неизданный материал и различные синглы, записанные Марли при жизни. Самая известная композиция на альбоме — «Buffalo Soldier», занявшая 71-ую позицию в чарте R&B Singles[3].

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