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Voces intimae (English translation: "Intimate voices" or "Inner voices"), Op. 56, is a five-movement string quartet written in 1909 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. He composed the work in D minor. It is the only major work for string quartet of his mature period.[1]

Voces intimae
String quartet by Jean Sibelius
The composer in 1913
Key	D minor
Opus	56
Composed	1909 (1909)
Performed	25 April 1910 (1910-04-25)
Movements	5
Scoring	2 violins viola cello

History

As a student, Sibelius composed several works for string quartet. In 1885 he finished a string quartet in E-flat major, followed in 1889, after quite a few individual movements for this combination, by a string quartet in A minor. The first string quartet to receive an opus number was in 1890 the quartet Op. 4 in B-flat major.[1] Afterwards he wrote no string quartets until Voces intimae in 1909. Composed between his Third and Fourth Symphony,[2] it remained "the only major work for string quartet of Sibelius's mature period".[1]

Sibelius composed the quartet from December 1908, working on it in London in early 1909. The Latin title, translating to "Intimate Voices" or "Inner voices", marks a "conversational quality"[2] and "inwardness" of the music. The composer wrote about his work in a letter to his wife: "It turned out as something wonderful. The kind of thing that brings a smile to your lips at the hour of death. I will say no more."[1] Sibelius showed it to his publisher Robert Lienau on 15 April 1909.[1]

The first performance was on 25 April 1910 at the Helsinki Music Institute. A review in the Helsingin Sanomat noted: "The composition attracted a great deal of attention, and it is undoubtedly one of the most brilliant products in its field. It is not a composition for the public at large, it is so eccentric and out of the ordinary."[1] Sibelius later wrote about the composition: "The melodic material is good but the harmonic material could be 'lighter', and even 'more like a quartet.'"[1]

Structure and music

Sibelius structured the quartet in five movements:[1]

The work opens with a dialogue of violin and cello.[2] The first movement contrasts "murmurous figuration with firm chords".[2] The second movement is a scherzo in A major, connected to the first by musical motifs.[2] The central slow movement has been described as a "soulful quest for serenity in F major". It contains "three detached, soft chords in E minor, remote from any of the previous harmonic implications",[2] to which Sibelius added the "voces intimae" in a friend's score.[2] A second scherzo is also connected by motivic similarity to the first movement. The finale, "with more than a hint of folk fiddling",[2] grows in intensity by markings from Allegro to "sempre più energico" (always more energetic), described as "fiercely accented music of forceful contrasts but irresistible momentum".[2]

Arrangements

The Finnish violinist and composer Pekka Kuusisto has arranged the work for chamber orchestra, which was included in Kuusisto's 2009 Australian tour with the Australian Chamber Orchestra.[3]

Literature

• Beat Föllmi (ed.): Das Streichquartett in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts (German), Verlag Hans Schneider, Tutzing 2004
• Tomi Mäkelä: Jean Sibelius und seine Zeit (German), Laaber-Verlag, Regensburg 2013
• Ulrich Wilker: "Ein fernes Murmeln aus einer fernen Welt". Zu Jean Sibelius’ Streichquartett "Voces intimae" d-Moll op. 56 (German), in: Stefan Börnchen/Claudia Liebrand (eds.): Lauschen und Überhören. Literarische und mediale Aspekte auditiver Offenheit, Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Paderborn 2020, p .193–211

References

External links

• String Quartet "Voces intimae", Op.56: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
• Jean Sibelius / String Quartet in D minor ("Voces Intimae"), Op. 56 AllMusic
• Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) / String Quartet in d minor, Op. 56, Voces intimae (Intimate Voices) earsense.org

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