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Arwā bint Ḥarb (Arabic: أروى بنت حرب), better known as Umm Jamīl (Arabic: أم جميل), was an aunt-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who is mentioned in the Quran.[1] She was Abu Lahab's wife and Abu Sufyan's sister. Arwa is usually remembered for opposing Islam and the prophet, and also for a poem.

Umm Jamil أروى بنت حرب
Born	Arwā bint Ḥarb Hijaz, Arabia
Died	Mecca, Hijaz
Known for	Enemy and Paternal-aunt of Muhammad
Spouse	Abu Lahab
Children	Utbah Utaybah Ma’tab Izzah Khalida
Parent(s)	Harb ibn Umayya (father) Safiyya bint Hazn (mother)
Relatives	Abu Sufyan (brother) Mu'awiya (nephew) Ramla (niece)
Family	Banu Umayya (clan)

Family

She was the daughter of Harb ibn Umayya, a chief of Mecca. She was a sister of Abu Sufyan and one of the leading women of the Quraysh.[2][3]

She married Abū Lahab, a paternal uncle of Muhammad. They had at least six children: Utbah,[4][5] Utaybah,[6][7] Muattab,[6] Durrah (Fakhita), 'Uzzā and Khālida.[8] It is not clear whether she was also the mother of Abu Lahab's son Durrah.^{[citation needed]}

Opposition to Muhammad

Quran 111

Umm Jamil supported her husband in his opposition to Muhammad's preaching.[3] When Muhammad promised Paradise to the believers, Abu Lahab blew on his hands and said, "May you perish. I can see nothing in you of the things that Muhammad says." Muhammad therefore declared a revelation from God about them.[9]

The occasion for this revelation is disputed. Ibn Sa'd and Ibn Kathir state that it was in 613 CE, when Muhammad summoned the Quraysh to Mount Safa for his first public warning that they must heed God's message. Abu Lahab interrupted: "May you perish! Did you assemble us for this? You should die!" and Muhammad responded with the prophecy.[11][12][3] Ibn Ishaq implies that it occurred in 616, when Abu Lahab left the Hashim clan and refused to protect Muhammad.[13][14]

Ibn Ishaq says that Umm Jamil was called "the carrier of firewood" because she carried thorns and cast them in Muhammad's way where he would be passing;[15] however, he also states that the Quraysh did not resort to this form of harassment until after the death of Abu Talib in 620.[16] Ibn Kathir also offers the alternative theory that "carrier of firewood" does not refer to a past event but to Umm Jamil's future destiny of willingly stoking the fires that would punish her husband in Hell.[3]

Counterblast

When Umm Jamil bint Harb heard that Muhammad had been prophesying about her and her husband, she went to the Kaaba, where Muhammad was sitting with Abu Bakr, carrying a stone pestle. She did not notice Muhammad, so she asked Abu Bakr after him, "for I have been told that he is satirising me. If I had found him, I would have smashed his mouth with this stone." Then she produced a poem of her own:

She departed, still not having noticed Muhammad.[17]

References

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