music.wikisort.org - CompositionKuolema (Finnish: “Death”), JS 113, is incidental music for orchestra by Jean Sibelius for a play of that title by his brother-in-law Arvid Järnefelt, structured in six movements and originally scored for string orchestra, bass drum and a bell.[1] He conducted the first performance at the Finnish National Theatre in Helsinki on 2 December 1903. He drew individual works from the score and revised them as:
- Op. 44 no. 1 Valse triste, completed in 1904
- Op. 44 no. 2 Scene with Cranes, completed in 1906
Kuolema |
---|
|
 |
Catalogue | Op. 44 |
---|
Composed | 1903 (1903) |
---|
Performed | 2 December 1903 (1903-12-02) |
---|
Movements | 6 |
---|
Scoring | string orchestra |
---|
For a 1911 production of the play, he added two new movements:
- Op. 62a Canzonetta (Rondino der Liebenden) for string orchestra, first version in 1906, final version in 1911
- Op. 62b Valse romantique (Waltz intermezzo), completed in 1911[2][3]
Background
Initially, Sibelius wrote six numbers for the 2 December 1903 production:
- Tempo di valse lente - Poco risoluto (Act I)
- Moderato (Paavali's Song: 'Pakkanen puhurin poika', for solo baritone, Act II)
- Moderato assai - Moderato (Elsa's Song: 'Eilaa, eilaa', for solo soprano) - Poco adagio (Act II)
- Andante (The Cranes, Act II)
- Moderato (Act III)
- Andante ma non tanto (Act III)
In 1904, he revised No. 1 as Valse triste, and it was performed in Helsinki on 25 April 1904. It was published as Op. 44 in 1905 by Breitkopf & Härtel, and immediately took on a life of its own. It became an instant hit with the public, and one of Sibelius's signature pieces. However, because of the publishing contract, Sibelius saw relatively little money in terms of royalties from the performances of Valse triste.[4]
In 1906, he combined Nos. 3 and 4 and revised the music under the title Scene with Cranes. This was performed in Vaasa on 14 December 1906. Sibelius did not ascribe an opus number to it, it was not performed again in his lifetime, and it was not published until 1973, 16 years after his death.
In 1906, he wrote a Rondino der Liebenden for string orchestra, adapted from the music for Kuolema. It lay unperformed until 1911.
In 1911, Järnefelt produced a revised version of the play. For this, Sibelius wrote a revised version of Rondino der Liebenden, which he now called Canzonetta; and a new piece, Valse romantique. These were first performed in Helsinki at the Finnish National Theatre on 8 March 1911, together with Valse triste. The play was not a success, however, hoping to repeat the success of Valse triste with Canzonetta and Valse romantique, Sibelius immediately published them together, as Op. 62a and Op. 62b respectively. They failed to grab the public's attention the way Valse triste had done.
In 1973, Scene with Cranes was posthumously published, as Op. 44, No. 2, and Valse triste was retrospectively renumbered as Op. 44, No. 1.
Recordings and performances sometimes present Valse triste, Scene with Cranes, Canzonetta and Valse romantique as a unified suite, as it represents the totality of what is known of the incidental music for the two versions of Kuolema. However, this was not Sibelius's intention.
Literature
- Mäkelä, Tomi: Jean Sibelius und seine Zeit (in German). Laaber-Verlag, Regensburg, 2013.
References
- Levas, Santeri (1986). Jean Sibelius: Muistelma suuresta ihmisestä (in Finnish) (2nd ed.). Helsinki: WSOY. p. 466. ISBN 951-0-13306-X.
- "Other orchestral works / Music for the play Death: Valse triste, Scene with Cranes, Canzonetta, Valse romantique". Jean Sibelius. Finnish Club of Helsinki. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- Johnston, Blair. "Jean Sibelius / Kuolema (Death), incidental music for orchestra (I), Op. 44". AllMusic. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- Erik W. Tawaststjerna (trans. Robert Layton), Sibelius, Volume II: 1904-1914. Faber and Faber (London, 1986), pp. 45-46.
External links
|
---|
List of compositions |
Symphonies |
- Kullervo (1892)
- No. 1 in E minor (1899, r. 1900)
- No. 2 in D major (1902)
- No. 3 in C major (1907)
- No. 4 in A minor (1911)
- No. 5 in E-flat major (1915, r. 1916, 1919)
- No. 6 in D minor (1923)
- No. 7 in C major (1924)
- No. 8 (mid 1920s–1938, destroyed)
- Discography of Sibelius symphony cycles
|
---|
Concertante |
- Violin Concerto in D minor (1904, r. 1905)
|
---|
Tone poems |
- En saga (1892, r. 1902)
- Spring Song (1894)
- The Wood Nymph (1895)
- Lemminkäinen Suite
- 1895, r. 1897, 1939; includes The Swan of Tuonela
- Finlandia (1899)
- Pohjola's Daughter (1906)
- Pan and Echo (1906)
- Nightride and Sunrise (1909)
- The Dryad (1910)
- The Bard (1913)
- Luonnotar (1913)
- The Oceanides (1914, r. 1914)
- Tapiola (1926)
|
---|
Theatre music |
- The Building of the Boat (1893, abandoned)
- The Maiden in the Tower (1896)
- King Christian II (1898)
- Kuolema
- 1903; includes Valse triste
- Pelléas et Mélisande (1905)
- Belshazzar's Feast (1906)
- Swanwhite (1908)
- Ödlan (1909)
- Scaramouche (1913)
- Jedermann (1916)
- The Tempest (1925)
|
---|
Chorus and orchestra |
- Academic cantatas (1894 & 1897)
- The Breaking of the Ice on the Oulu River (1899)
- Snöfrid (1900)
- The Origin of Fire (1902, r. 1910)
- The Captive Queen (1906)
- My Own Land (1918)
- Song of the Earth (1919)
- Hymn of the Earth (1920)
- Väinämöinen's Song (1926)
|
---|
Other orchestral |
- Karelia Suite (1893)
- Cassazione (1904)
- In Memoriam (1910)
- Rakastava (1911)
- Andante Festivo (1922/1938)
|
---|
Other |
- Seven Songs, Op. 17 (1891)
- Five Christmas Songs, Op. 1 (1897)
- Finlandia Hymn
- Jäger March (1917)
- String Quartet in D minor, Voces intimae (1909)
- Piano Sonata in F major (1893)
- Kyllikki (1904)
|
---|
Related articles | Family | |
---|
Teachers | |
---|
Pupils | |
---|
Select interpreters | |
---|
Colleagues & friends | |
---|
Select biographers |
- Karl Ekman [fi]
- Erik Furuhjelm [fi]
- Glenda Dawn Goss
- Cecil Gray
- Robert Layton
- Santeri Levas
- Nils-Eric Ringbom [fi]
- Erik Tawaststjerna
|
---|
Namesakes |
- Sibelius Academy
- Sibelius Hall
- Sibelius Medal
- Sibelius Monument
- Sibelius Museum
- Wihuri Sibelius Prize
- Sibelius Society of Finland
- International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition
- Sibelius (2003 film)
- Sibelius (scorewriter)
- 1405 Sibelius
- Sibelius Glacier
|
---|
|
---|
Category
|
Authority control: National libraries  | |
---|
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии