Johann Ernst Bach (28 January 1722 – 1 September 1777) was a German composer of the Bach family. He was the son of Johann Bernhard Bach.
German composer (1722–1777)
Portrait of Johann Ernst Bach.
Born
28 January 1722
Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar
Died
1 September 1777
Life
Bach, the son of Johann Bernhard Bach, was born in Eisenach and baptized on January 30, 1722. On January 16, 1737, he entered the Thomasschule in Leipzig, where he then became a pupil of his uncle Johann Sebastian Bach. After studying law at the university, he returned to Eisenach in 1742 and filled in for his ailing father as a choirmaster and organist. He continued to practice law as well. In 1756, he was appointed Hofkapellmeister "in view of his well known skill and musical knowledge". Due to the fusion of the courts, he frequently travelled between Weimar, Gotha, and Eisenach; during this time, he worked with Georg Benda of the reorganization of the Hofkapelle. When it was dissolved in 1758, after the death of Duke Ernst August, he retained his title and took over duties in the administration of the ducal finances. He died on September 1, 1777.[1]
Works
Page from Sonata per il clavicembalo col violino, 18th century, by Bach
As a composer, Johann Ernst was abreast of the stylistic innovations of his time, although he did not exclude contrapuntal writings. His works are often highly dramatic and full of effects. His songs depend on the past tradition of Görner, Gräfe, and Mizler; he often wrote galant melodies filled with lively basses and elaborate accompaniments. A picture of his perceptions of music can be deduced from the introduction he wrote to Jacob Adlung 's Anleitung zu der musikalischen Gelahrtheit (1758) . In it he generally criticizes the declining trend of the religious music of his time and promotes the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann and Gottfried Heinrich Stelzel .
Vocal
O Seele, deren Sehnen (Passion oratorio), 1764
2 Passions, lost
Sacred cantatas
Ach Herr, strafe mich nicht
Alles was Odem hat
Auf und säumt euch nicht, ihr Frommen
Der Herr ist nahe bei denen, for the funeral of Duke Ernst August Constantin
Der Meer ist nahe
Die Liebe Gottes ist ausgegossen
Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott
Herzlich lieb hab ich dich, o Herr, on Schalling's hymn
Kein Stündlein geht dahin
Kommt herzu, lasset uns frohlocken
Magnificat
Mass on Es wolle Gott uns gnädig sein
Mein Odem ist schwach, BWV 222, choral movements also as motet, Unser Wandel ist im Himmel, BWV Anh. 165
Meine Seele erhebet den Herrn (i)
Meine Seele erhebet den Herrn (ii)
Meine Seele erhebet den Herrn (iii)
Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich
Sei willkommen, mächtiger Herrscher
Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied
So gehst du nun, mein Jesu, hin
Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn, on the hymn by Albinus
Wenn Donnerwolken über dir sich türmen (Das Vertrauen der Christen auf Gott)
Wünschet Jerusalem Glück
Wie der Hirsch schreiet, lost
Lobe den Herrn, meine Seele, lost
several other lost cantatas (for the annual cycle 1766)
Other sacred works
Aus der Tiefen, motet, SATB
Mein Odem ist schwach, motet, SATB
Unser Wandel ist im Himmel (= bwv Anh. 165), motet, SATB
11 motets, ARk [? by C. P. E. Bach, H865]
Secular cantatas
Gesegneten Auftritt, for birthday of Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Gotha, 1756, lost
Wer sagt mir doch, was für Entzücken, lost
Sammlung auserlesener Fabeln.
part 1, Nuremberg, 1749
part 2, unpublished
Lächerliche Mammonshüter (An die Geizigen), 1770
Instrumental
Sinfonia in B
Other lost sinfonias
3 Sonaten (Kbd/Vn), part 1, Eisenach, 1770
3 Sonaten (Kbd/Vn), part 2, Eisenach, 1772
Sonata in A (Fl/Vn/Bc)
Keyboard works
Sonata in G, harpsichord
Sonata in F, harpsichord
Sonata in G, harpsichord
Sonata in A, harpsichord
Fantasia and fugue in D
Fantasia and fugue in A
Fantasia and fugue in F
Chorale Valet will ich dir geben
References
'Wolff', 'Cristoph' (1984). The New Grove Bach Family. Hong Kong: W. W. Norton & Company. pp.307–308. ISBN0-393-30088-9.
Sources
H. Kühn: Vier Organisten Eisenachs aus Bachischem Geschlecht, Bach in Thüringen, 1950
C. Oefner: Die Musikerfamilie Bach in Eisenach, Eisenach, 1984
H. Max: Verwandtes im Werk Bachs, seiner Schüler und Söhne, 1986
E. Odrich and P. Wollny: Die Briefkonzepte des Johann Elias Bach, 2000
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