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Antiochus[1] or Antioch[2] Kantemir or Cantemir (Russian: Антиох Дмитриевич Кантемир, Antiokh Dmitrievich Kantemir; Romanian: Antioh Cantemir; Turkish: Antioh Kantemiroğlu; French: Antioche Cantemir; 8 September 1708 – 31 March 1744) was a Moldavian who served as a man of letters, diplomat, and prince during the Russian Enlightenment. He has been called "the father of Russian poetry".

A portrait of Kantemir
A portrait of Kantemir


Life


Kantemir was born into a noble Moldavian family at Iaşi on 8 September 1708.[3] His illiterate grandfather Constantin had been made voivode of Moldavia by the Ottomans in 1685 and was succeeded by his well-educated sons Antioch and Demetrius. Kantemir was the son of Demetrius by his wife, the Princess Kassandra Cantacuzene, who claimed descent from the Byzantine dynasty of the same name.[3] He spent much of his youth in Constantinople as a hostage to the Turks.[citation needed] He was then educated by his father and at the St Petersburg Academy[1] before moving to the family estate near Dmitrovsk.[citation needed]

He served as the Russian ambassador at London from 1731 to 1736, when he was relocated to Paris to serve as Russia's minister plenipotentiary to the Kingdom of France.[2] There, he became a noted intellectual[1] and a close friend of Montesquieu and Voltaire. Kantemir died a bachelor in Paris amid litigation concerning his illegitimate children.[citation needed]


Work


Considered "the father of Russian poetry",[1] Kantemir used his classical education to assist Peter the Great's programme of modernizing and westernizing Russian culture. His most noticeable effort in this regard is his Petrida, an unfinished epic glorifying the emperor. He produced a tract on old Russian versification in 1744[citation needed] and numerous odes and fables.[1] His use of gallic rhyme schemes can make his work seem antiquated and awkward to modern readers.[citation needed]

He edited his father's History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire in England and wrote a biography and bibliography of his father which later accompanied its 1756 edition.[4][2] His 1742 Letters on Nature and Man (O Prirode i Cheloveke) was a philosophical work.[citation needed] He is best remembered for his satires in the manner of Juvenal, including To My Mind: On Those Who Blame Education and On the Envy and Pride of Evil-Minded Courtiers, which were among the first such works in the Russian language.[2]

Kantemir translated Horace and Anacreon into Russian, as well as Algarotti's Dialogues on Light and Colors.[1] He also translated De Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, in 1730. When Kantemir's teacher, Christopher Gross, asked the academy to publish the translation, the responsible manager of the chancellery, Johann Daniel Schumacher, wanted to first get permission from the government and the Holy Synod. Correspondence regarding the matter dragged on until 1738, when permission to publish was finally given, but the book was not published until 1740.[5]

Kantemir's own works were translated into French by the Abbé Guasco, who also penned his biography.[1]


Notes


  1. EB (1878).
  2. EB (1911).
  3. Gusterin (2008).
  4. London: N. Tindal.
  5. Веселитский В. В., Антиох Кантемир и развитие русского литературного языка (1974), p. 20.

References





На других языках


- [en] Antiochus Kantemir

[fr] Antioche Cantemir

Le prince Antioche Dimitrievitch Cantemir (en russe : Антиох Дмитриевич Кантемир, en roumain : Antioh Cantemir, en latin : Antiochus Cantemir ; né le 10 septembre 1708 (21 septembre 1708 dans le calendrier grégorien) à Istanbul[1], mort le 31 mars 1744 (11 avril 1744 dans le calendrier grégorien) à Paris), est le fils du souverain moldave Dimitrie Cantemir. Il passe pour l'un des fondateurs de la littérature classique russe, à travers de nombreuses publications satyriques.

[ru] Кантемир, Антиох Дмитриевич

Князь Антио́х Дми́триевич Кантеми́р (10 [21] сентября 1708, Константинополь, по другим данным Яссы — 31 марта [11 апреля] 1744, Париж) — русский поэт-сатирик и дипломат молдавского происхождения, деятель раннего русского Просвещения. Наиболее крупный русский поэт силлабической эпохи (до реформы Тредиаковского-Ломоносова). Отмечают, что его творчество сыграло значительную роль в развитии русского литературного языка и стихосложения[1].



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