music.wikisort.org - Composer

Harold Arlen (born Hyman Arluck; February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American composer of popular music,[2] who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz (lyrics by Yip Harburg), including "Over the Rainbow", Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the Great American Songbook. "Over the Rainbow" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the RIAA and the NEA.[3][4]

Harold Arlen
Arlen in 1960
Born	Hyman Arluck (1905-02-15)February 15, 1905 Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Died	April 23, 1986(1986-04-23) (aged 81) New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Composer
Spouse(s)	Anya Taranda ​ ​ (m. 1937; died 1970)​
Children	Adopted his brother's son in 1985[1]

Life and career

Arlen was born in Buffalo, New York, the child of a Jewish cantor.[2] His twin brother died the next day. He learned to play the piano as a youth, and formed a band as a young man. He achieved some local success as a pianist and singer before moving to New York City in his early twenties, where he worked as an accompanist in vaudeville[5] and changed his name to Harold Arlen. Between 1926 and about 1934, Arlen appeared occasionally as a band vocalist on records by The Buffalodians, Red Nichols, Joe Venuti, Leo Reisman, and Eddie Duchin, usually singing his own compositions.

In 1929, Arlen composed his first well-known song: "Get Happy" (with lyrics by Ted Koehler).[2] Throughout the early and mid-1930s, Arlen and Koehler wrote shows for the Cotton Club, a popular Harlem night club, as well as for Broadway musicals and Hollywood films.[2] Arlen and Koehler's partnership resulted in a number of hit songs, including the familiar standards "Let's Fall in Love" and "Stormy Weather".[2] Arlen continued to perform as a pianist and vocalist with some success, most notably on records with Leo Reisman's society dance orchestra.

In the mid-1930s, Arlen married, and spent increasing time in California, writing for movie musicals. It was at this time that he began working with lyricist E. Y. "Yip" Harburg.[2] In 1938, the team was hired by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to compose songs for The Wizard of Oz,[2] the most famous of which is "Over the Rainbow", for which they won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song. They also wrote "Down with Love" (featured in the 1937 Broadway show Hooray for What!), "Lydia the Tattooed Lady", for Groucho Marx in At the Circus in 1939, and "Happiness is a Thing Called Joe", for Ethel Waters in the 1943 movie Cabin in the Sky.[2]

Arlen was a longtime friend and onetime roommate of actor Ray Bolger, who starred in The Wizard of Oz.

In the 1940s, he teamed up with lyricist Johnny Mercer, and continued to write hit songs like "Blues in the Night", "Out of this World", "That Old Black Magic", "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive", "Any Place I Hang My Hat Is Home", "Come Rain or Come Shine" and "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)".[2]

Arlen composed two of the defining songs of Judy Garland's career: "Over the Rainbow" and "The Man That Got Away", the last written for the 1954 version of the film A Star Is Born.[2] At her famous 1961 Carnegie Hall concert, after finishing a set of his songs, Garland acknowledged Arlen in the audience and invited him to receive an ovation.

Arlen recorded his debut album as a vocalist, Harold Sings Arlen (With Friend), in 1966. Barbra Streisand accompanied him on two songs.[6]

Marriage and death

Arlen and Anya Taranda married on January 6, 1937, over the objection of their parents, because she was a Gentile and he was Jewish. In 1951, Anya was institutionalized for seven years and died from a brain tumor in 1970.[7] Arlen never remarried and died of cancer on April 23, 1986, at his Manhattan apartment at the age of eighty-one.[8][7] Arlen is buried next to his wife at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. After Arlen's death, Irving Berlin summed up his life at a tribute, saying: "He wasn't as well known as some of us, but he was a better songwriter than most of us and he will be missed by all of us."[9]

Shortly before his death, Arlen adopted the 22 year old adult son of his brother Julius "Jerry" Arluck, so that his estate would have an heir in order to extend his copyright. Samuel Arlen runs the company that owns the rights to the Arlen catalog.

Timeline

This article is in list format but may read better as prose. (July 2013)

• 1905 Arlen born in Buffalo, New York
• 1920 (age 15) He formed his first professional band, Hyman Arluck's Snappy Trio.
• 1921 (16) Against his parents' wishes he left home.
• 1923 (18) With his new band – The Southbound Shufflers, performed on the Crystal Beach lake boat "Canadiana" during the summer of 1923.
• 1924 (19) Performed at Lake Shore Manor during the summer of 1924.
• 1924 (19) Wrote his first song, collaborating with friend Hyman Cheiffetz to write "My Gal, My Pal". Copyrighting the song as "My Gal, Won't You Please Come Back to Me?" and listed lyrics by Cheiffetz and music by Harold Arluck.
• 1925 (20) Makes his way to New York City with the group, The Buffalodians, with Arlen playing piano.
• 1926 (21) Had first published song, collaborating with Dick George to compose "Minor Gaff (Blues Fantasy)" under the name Harold Arluck.
• 1928 (23) Hyman (or Chaim (Hebrew name meaning life)) Arluck renames himself Harold Arlen.
• 1929 (24) Landed a singing and acting role as Cokey Joe in the musical The Great Day.
• 1929 (24) Composed his first well known song – "Get Happy" – under the name Harold Arlen.
• 1929 (24) Signed a yearlong song writing contract with the George and Arthur Piantadosi firm.
• 1930–1934 (25–29) Wrote music for the Cotton Club.
• 1933 (28) At a party, along with partner Ted Koehler, wrote the major hit song "Stormy Weather"
• 1934 (29) Wrote "Ill Wind (You're Blowin' Me No Good)" with lyrics by Ted Koehler for their last show at the Cotton Club Parade, in 1934, which was sung by Adelaide Hall[10]
• 1935 (30) Went back to California after being signed by Samuel Goldwyn to write songs for the film Strike Me Pink.
• 1937 (32) Composed the score for the Broadway musical Hooray for What!. Married 22-year-old Anya Taranda, a celebrated Powers Agency model and former Earl Carroll and Busby Berkeley showgirl, actress, and one of the Original "Breck Girls".
• 1938 (33) Hired by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to compose songs for The Wizard of Oz.
• 1938 (33) While driving along Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood and stopping in front of Schwab's Drug Store, he came up with the song "Over the Rainbow".
• 1941 (36) Wrote "Blues in the Night"
• 1942 (37) Along with Johnny Mercer, he wrote one of his most famous songs, "That Old Black Magic".
• 1943 (38) Wrote "My Shining Hour"
• 1944 (39) While driving with songwriter partner Johnny Mercer came up with the song "Accentuate the Positive".
• 1945 (40) In a single evening's work in October with Johnny Mercer, came up with the song "Come Rain or Come Shine".
• 1949 (44) Collaborated with Ralph Blane to write the score for My Blue Heaven.
• 1950 (45) Worked with old pal Johnny Mercer on the film The Petty Girl, out of which came the song "Fancy Free".
• 1951 (46) His wife Anya was institutionalized in a sanitarium for 7 years.
• 1952 (47) Teamed up with Dorothy Fields on the film The Farmer Takes a Wife.
• 1953 (48) Harold's father, Cantor Samuel Arluck, died.
• 1954 (49) The musical A Star is Born starring Judy Garland singing the now classic, Harold Arlen and Ira Gershwin collaboration, "The Man That Got Away".
• 1954 (49) Becomes dangerously ill with a bleeding ulcer and is hospitalized but recovers to work with Truman Capote on the musical House of Flowers.
• 1958 (53) His mother Celia Arluck dies and Harold does not touch music for over a year, mourning her loss.
• 1962 (56) Wrote the score for the animated musical Gay Purr-ee, lyrics by E.Y. Harburg.
• 1970 (65) Arlen's wife Anya Taranda dies from a brain tumor. Arlen begins to lose interest in life, withdrawing from friends and family and becoming more reclusive.
• 1974 (69) The theme song for the ABC sitcom Paper Moon is based on the song of that title, written by Arlen and E.Y. "Yip" Harburg in 1932. The series was based on a 1973 Peter Bogdanovich film of the same name, which used the same song.
• 1979 (74) Is inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.[11]
• 1985 (80) Adopts Samuel ("Sammy"), son of his younger brother Jerry and Rita Arluck as his son and primary heir.[1]
• 1986 (81) Harold Arlen dies in New York City and is interred next to his wife at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York.

Works for Broadway

• Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1930 (1930) – revue – contributing composer
• You Said It (1931) – musical – composer
• Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1932 (1932) – revue – co-composer and co-lyricist with Ted Koehler
• Americana (1932) – revue – contributing composer
• George White's Music Hall Varieties (1933) – revue – co-composer
• Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) – revue – composer
• The Show is On (1936) – revue – contributing composer
• Hooray for What! (1937) – musical – composer
• Bloomer Girl (1944) – musical – composer
• St. Louis Woman (1946) – musical – composer
• House of Flowers (1954) – musical – composer and co-lyricist
• Mr. Imperium (1951) – movie musical – featured composer
• Jamaica (1957) – musical – composer – Tony nomination for Best Musical
• Saratoga (1959) – musical – composer

Major songs

Films

• 2003 – Stormy Weather: The Music of Harold Arlen (directed by Larry Weinstein)

Biographies

• Jablonski, Edward (1961). Harold Arlen: Happy With the Blues. Doubleday. ASIN B0007DP988.
• Jablonski, Edward (1996). Harold Arlen: Rhythm, Rainbows, and Blues. University Press of New England. ISBN 978-1555532635.
• Rimler, Walter (2015). The Man That Got Away: The Life and Songs of Harold Arlen. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252039461.

References

External links

• Official website
• NPR profile of Harold Arlen on Weekend Edition Saturday
• Harold Arlen at IMDb
• Harold Arlen at the Internet Broadway Database
• Harold Arlen at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Harold Arlen at the Songwriters Hall of Fame
• Harold Sings Arlen (with Friend), 1966 Columbia Records album Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, singing his own songs, dueting with Barbra Streisand on two
• Harold Arlen recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.

На других языках

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[de] Harold Arlen

Harold Arlen (* 15. Februar 1905 als Hyman Arluck in Buffalo, New York, USA; † 23. April 1986 in New York City) war ein US-amerikanischer Unterhaltungsmusik-Komponist.

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- [en] Harold Arlen

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[es] Harold Arlen

Hyman Arluck (Nueva York, Estados Unidos, 15 de febrero de 1905–ídem, 23 de abril de 1986), más conocido como Harold Arlen, fue un compositor estadounidense de música popular.

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[ru] Арлен, Гарольд

Гарольд Арлен (англ. Harold Arlen), настоящее имя — Хаим Арлук (англ. Chaim Arlook); 15 февраля 1905 (1905-02-15), Буффало — 23 апреля 1986, Нью-Йорк) — американский композитор популярной музыки, автор более 500 песен, многие из которых получили мировую известность. Благодаря своему хиту «Over the Rainbow» для фильма «Волшебник страны Оз» (1939), Арлен занял лидирующую позицию в списке Great American Songbook.

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