Stanisław Moniuszko (Polish pronunciation:[stãˈɲiswaf mɔ̃ˈɲuʃkɔ]; May 5, 1819 – June 4, 1872[1]) was a Polish composer,[2][3] conductor and teacher. He wrote many popular art songs and operas, and his music is filled with patriotic folk themes of the peoples of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (mainly Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians).[4] He is generally referred to as "the father of Polish national opera".[5]
Since the 1990s Stanisław Moniuszko is being recognized in Belarus as an important figure of Belarusian culture.[6][lower-alpha 1]
Polish composer, conductor, and teacher (1819–1872)
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Life
Moniuszko was born into a noble landowning family in Ubiel,[8][lower-alpha 2] Minsk Governorate (now Belarus). He initially took piano lessons with his mother and then continued his musical education in Warsaw, Minsk, and in Berlin[10] under Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen. In 1858 he was appointed conductor at the Warsaw Opera and later became professor at the Warsaw Conservatory.[3] He died in Warsaw, Congress Poland and was buried at Powązki Cemetery.[11]
Moniuszko noted that his songs, which were published under the collective title Śpiewnik Domowy (Domestic Songs), had a national character. Their 'Polishness' is found in his use of and reference to traditional Polish dance rhythms like Polonaise, Mazurka, Kujawiak, and Krakowiak and the propagation of texts written by Polish national poets.[8] The songs formed the basis of repertoire of Polish choirs in the Austrian, German, and Russian territories,[13] and became a point of reference for later Polish composers.[2]
Moniuszko's opera style bears similarities to that of Rossini and Auber, but with greater emphasis on chorus and melodies based on Polish dances.[2]
Halka is an opera to a libretto written by Włodzimierz Wolski, a young Warsaw poet with radical social views.[14] Following its production in Warsaw in 1858, it became the most popular Polish opera[10] and is part of the canon of Polish national operas.
Modern performances
An English version of Straszny dwór (The Haunted Manor, or The Haunted Castle[15]) was created and premiered by the student operatic society at Bristol University in 1970; this version has been performed since, specifically in 2001 by Opera South, which company also presented the world premiere of a specially created new English version of Verbum Nobile in 2002.
In 2008, Pocket Opera, of San Francisco, CA, USA, premiered Artistic Director Donald Pippin's English language translation of The Haunted Manor.
Moniuszko's opera Flis (The Raftsman) was performed and recorded in the Grand Theatre of Polish National Opera at the 2019 Chopin and his Europe International Music Festival, marking the 200th anniversary of Moniuszko's birth.[16]
Paria was performed at Poznań Opera in June 2019, directed by Graham Vick and conducted by Gabriel Chmura.
Moniuszko's operas are regularly performed at the Belarusian National Opera.
Notes
There is a Museum of Stanisław Moniuszko in Belarus.[7]
Samson, Jim, ed. (2001). The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. p.718. ISBN978-0521590174.
Jones, Barrie, ed. (1999). The Hutchinson Concise Dictionary of Music. Routledge. p.424. ISBN978-1579581787.
Аляксей Хадыка [Alexey Khadyka] (May 22, 2009). "Станіслаў Манюшка — паляк, літвін..."[Stanislaw Moniuszko – Pole and Lithuanian] (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 20, 2013. NovyChas.org, Culture. Retrieved from the Internet Archive, February 18, 2013.
Murphy, Michael (2001). "Moniuszko and Musical Nationalism in Poland". In White, Harry; Murphy, Michael (eds.). Musical Constructions of Nationalism: Essays on the History and Ideology of European Musical Culture 1800-1945. Cork University Press. pp.166–167. ISBN9781859181539.
Prosnak, Jan (1980). Moniuszko. Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne. p.7. ISBN8322400012.
Balthazar, Scott L. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Opera. Scarecrow Press. pp.226–227. ISBN978-0810867680.
Chrenkoff, Magdalena (2017). "Stanisław Moniuszko's Oeuvre as a Builder of National Identity During Partition Times". In Povilionienė, Rima (ed.). Sounds, Societies, Significations: Numanistic Approaches to Music. Springer. p.61. ISBN978-3319836522.
Grazia, Donna M. Di, ed. (2012). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. p.384. ISBN978-0415988537.
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