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Abu Ismaïl Abdullah al-Harawi al-Ansari or Abdullah Ansari of Herat (1006–1088) (Persian: خواجه عبدالله انصاری) also known as Pir-i Herat (پیر هرات) "Sage of Herat", was a Muslim Sufi saint [7][8] who lived in the 11th century in Herat (modern-day Afghanistan). One of the outstanding figures of 5th/11th century Khorasan, Ansari was a commentator of the Qur'an, scholar of the Hanbali school of thought (madhhab), traditionalist, polemicist, and spiritual master, known for his oratory and poetic talents in Arabic and Persian.[9]
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Abū Ismāʿīl al-Harawī | |
|---|---|
 Abdullah Ansari portrayed on a stamp in Tajikistan (2010) | |
| Title | Shaykh al-Islām, Sage of Herat |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1006 Herat, Ghaznavid Empire |
| Died | 1088 (aged 81-82) Herat, Ghaznavid Empire |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni Islam |
| Jurisprudence | Hanbali[1] |
| Creed | Athari[2] |
| Movement | Sufi[3] |
| Muslim leader | |
| Arabic name | |
| Personal (Ism) | ʿAbd Allāh (عبد الله) |
| Patronymic (Nasab) | Ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Jaʿfar ibn Manṣūr ibn Matt (بن محمد بن علي بن محمد بن أحمد بن علي بن جعفر بن منصور بن مت) |
| Teknonymic (Kunya) | Abū Ismāʿīl (أبو إسماعيل) |
| Toponymic (Nisba) | al-Harawī (الهروي) |
Life
He was born in the Kohandez, the old citadel of Herat, on 4 May 1006. His father, Abu Mansur, was a shopkeeper who had spent several years of his youth at Balkh.[9]
Abdullah was a disciple of Abu al-Hassan al-Kharaqani.[citation needed] He practiced the Hanbali school of Sunni jurisprudence. The Shrine of Khwaja Abd Allah, built during the Timurid dynasty, is a popular pilgrimage site. He excelled in the knowledge of Hadith, history, and ʻilm al-ansāb. He wrote several books on Islamic mysticism and philosophy in Persian and Arabic.
He was one of the first Sufis to write in Persian, which he wrote in a local dialect, thus indicating that he wanted to spread his teachings to the common people instead of the ulama, who knew Arabic.[10]
His most famous work is "Munajat Namah" (literally 'Litanies or dialogues with God'), which is considered a masterpiece of Persian literature. After his death, many of his sayings recorded in his written works transmitted by his students were included in the Tafsir of Maybudi, "Kashf al-Asrar" (The Unveiling of Secrets). This is among the earliest complete Sufi Tafsirs (exegesis) of the Quran and has been published several times in 10 volumes.
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Khwajah Abdullah Ansari of Herat was a direct descendant of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, being the ninth in line from him. The lineage is described, and traced in the family history records,[11] as follows;
Abu Ismail Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, son of Abu Mansoor Balkhi, son of Jaafar, son of Abu Mu'aaz, son of Muhammad, son of Ahmad, son of Jaafar, son of Abu Mansoor al-Taabi'i, son of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.
In the reign of the third Rashid Caliph, Uthman, Abu Mansoor al-Taabi'i took part in the conquest of Khorasan, and subsequently settled in Herat, his descendant Khwajah Abdullah Ansari died there in 1088.
The Hanbali jurist ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya wrote a lengthy commentary on a treatise written by Ansari entitled Madarij al-Salikin.[12] He expressed his love and appreciation for Ansari in this commentary with his statement, "Certainly I love the Sheikh, but I love the truth more!".[13] Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya refers to Ansari with the honorific title "Sheikh al-Islam" in his work Al-Wabil al-Sayyib min al-Kalim al-Tayyab [14]
Works
Arabic
- Anwar al-Tahqeeq
- Dhamm al-Kalaam
- Manāzel al-Sā'erīn
- Kitaab al-Frooq
- Kitaab al-Arba'een
- Resala Manaqib Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Arabic: رسالة مناقب الإمام أحمد بن حنبل)
- Zad-ul Arefeen (Arabic: زاد االعارفین)
Persian
- Munajat Namah (Persian: مناجات نامه)
- Nasayeh (Persian: نصایح)
- Kanz-ul Salikeen (Persian: کنز السالکین)
- Haft Hesar (Persian: هفت حصار)
- Elahi Namah (Persian: الهی نامه)
- Muhabbat Namah (Persian: محبت نامه)
- Qalandar Namah (Persian: قلندر نامه)
- Resala-é Del o Jan (Persian: رساله دل و جان)
- Resala-é Waredat (Persian: رساله واردات)
- Sad Maidan (Persian: صد میدان)
See also
- Firangi Mahal
- Khwajgan e Saharanpur
- Ansari (Panipat)
- Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
- Ibn Tahir of Caesarea
- Hakim Ahmad Shuja
- Muhammad Latif Ansari
Further reading
- Stations of the Sufi Path, The One Hundred Fields (Sad Maydan) of Abdullah Ansari of Herat, translated by Nahid Angha www.archetypebooks.com
References
- Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. Pelgrave Macmillan. pp. 37. ISBN 9781137473578.
- Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. Pelgrave Macmillan. pp. 47. ISBN 9781137473578.
- Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. Pelgrave Macmillan. pp. 48. ISBN 9781137473578.
- Slitine, Moulay; Fitzgerald, Michael (2000). The Invocation of God. Islamic Texts Society. p. 4. ISBN 0946621780.
- Ovamir Anjum. "Sufism without Mysticism: Ibn al-Qayyim's Objectives in Madarij al-Salikin". University of Toledo, Ohio: 164.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Livnat Holtzman. "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah". Bar Ilan University: 219.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - A. G. Ravân Farhâdi, ʻAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad Anṣārī al-Harawī, "ʻAbdullāh Anṣārī of Herāt (1006-1089 C.E.): an early Shia Ṣūfi master", Routledge, 996.
- "ʿABDALLĀH ANṢĀRĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
- S. de Laugier de Beaureceuil, "Abdullah Ansari" in Encylcoapedia Iranica
- Nile Green (2017). Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban. University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN 9780520294134.
- The Ulama of Farangi Mahall and Islamic Culture in South Asia, Francis Robinson, Ferozsons (pvt) Limited, Pakistan. 2002
- Livnat Holtzman, Essay on Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, p. 219 (https://www.academia.edu/1057824/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya) and Livnat Holtzman, Essay on Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, p. 363 (https://www.academia.edu/1070946/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya)
- Michael Fitzgerald and Moulay Slitine, The Invocation of God, Islamic Texts Society, Introduction, p 4 (quoting Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Madarij al-Salikin fi ma bayna iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in, ed. Ahmad Fakhri al-Rifi and Asam Faris al-Hurstani, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1412/1991, II,. 41 and III. 431). Also, Ovamir Anjum, University of Toledo, Ohio, Sufism without Mysticism: Ibn al-Qayyim's Objectives in Madarij al-Salikin p. 164 (https://www.academia.edu/2248220/Sufism_without_Mysticism_Ibn_al Qayyims_Objectives_in_Madarij_al-Salikin)
- Michael Fitzgerald and Moulay Slitine, The Invocation of God, Islamic Texts Society, Introduction, p 4. Also, Ovamir Anjum, University of Toledo, Ohio, Sufism without Mysticism: Ibn al-Qayyim's Objectives in Madarij al-Salikin p. 164 (https://www.academia.edu/2248220/Sufism_without_Mysticism_Ibn_al-Qayyims_Objectives_in_Madarij_al-Salikin)
External links
- The Invocations of Abdullah Al Ansari (in English) at archive.org.
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На других языках
- [en] Abdullah Ansari
[fr] Khawâdjâ Abdallâh Ansârî
Khawâdjâ Abdallâh al-Ansârî[1] surnommé « shaykh ul-islâm » est né à Hérat, au Kuhandiz, en 1006 en Afghanistan dans la province du Khorassan, mort le 8 mars 1089[2]. Il fut juriste (faqīh), exégète, maître en hadīth, historien estimé et remarquable orateur, fervent hanbalite.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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